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Animal models and animal-free innovations for cardiovascular research: current status and routes to be explored. Consensus document of the ESC working group on myocardial function and the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart

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Title: Animal models and animal-free innovations for cardiovascular research: current status and routes to be explored. Consensus document of the ESC working group on myocardial function and the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart
Authors: Van der Velden, J
Asselbergs, FW
Bakkers, J
Batkai, S
Bertrand, L
Bezzina, CR
Bot, I
Brundel, B
Carrier, L
Chamuleau, S
Ciccarelli, M
Dawson, D
Davidson, SM
Dendorfer, A
Duncker, DJ
Eschenhagen, T
Fabritz, L
Falcão-Pires, I
Ferdinandy, P
Giacca, M
Girao, H
Gollmann-Tepeköylü, C
Gyongyosi, M
Guzik, TJ
Hamdani, N
Heymans, S
Hilfiker, A
Hilfiker-Kleiner, D
Hoekstra, AG
Hulot, J-S
Kuster, DWD
Van Laake, LW
Lecour, S
Leiner, T
Linke, WA
Lumens, J
Lutgens, E
Madonna, R
Maegdefessel, L
Mayr, M
Van der Meer, P
Passier, R
Perbellini, F
Perrino, C
Pesce, M
Priori, S
Remme, CA
Rosenhahn, B
Schotten, U
Schulz, R
Sipido, K
Sluijter, JPG
Van Steenbeek, F
Steffens, S
Terracciano, CM
Tocchetti, CG
Vlasman, P
Yeung, KK
Zacchigna, S
Zwaagman, D
Thum, T
Item Type: Journal Article
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating research to improve diagnostics, and to discover and test novel preventive and curative therapies. All of which warrant experimental models that recapitulate human disease. The translation of basic science results to clinical practice is a challenging task. In particular for complex conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, which often result from multiple risk factors and co-morbidities. This difficulty might lead some individuals to question the value of animal research, citing the translational 'valley of death', which largely reflects the fact that studies in rodents are difficult to translate to humans. This is also influenced by the fact that new, human-derived in vitro models can recapitulate aspects of disease processes. However, it would be a mistake to think that animal models cannot provide a vital step in the translational pathway as they do provide important pathophysiological insights into disease mechanisms particularly on a organ and systemic level. While stem cell-derived human models have the potential to become key in testing toxicity and effectiveness of new drugs, we need to be realistic, and carefully validate all new human-like disease models. In this position paper, we highlight recent advances in trying to reduce the number of animals for cardiovascular research ranging from stem cell-derived models to in situ modelling of heart properties, bioinformatic models based on large datasets, and improved current animal models, which show clinically relevant characteristics observed in patients with a cardiovascular disease. We aim to provide a guide to help researchers in their experimental design to translate bench findings to clinical routine taking the replacement, reduction and refinement (3R) as a guiding concept.
Issue Date: 1-Nov-2022
Date of Acceptance: 5-Jan-2022
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/94074
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab370
ISSN: 0008-6363
Publisher: European Society of Cardiology
Start Page: 3016
End Page: 3051
Journal / Book Title: Cardiovascular Research
Volume: 118
Issue: 15
Copyright Statement: Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2022. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited.
Publication Status: Published
Conference Place: England
Online Publication Date: 2022-01-06
Appears in Collections:National Heart and Lung Institute
Faculty of Medicine