Mechanism of actuation in nickel hydroxide/oxyhydroxide photoactuators
File(s)
Supporting information
Author(s)
Hadden, Joseph
Riley, David Jason
Morgan, George
Bouchet, Marie
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Understanding novel actuating materials which respond to a variety of stimuli is key in the development of micro/nanoscale robotics. In this work, the mechanism of actuation in nickel hydroxide/oxyhydroxide actuators by the intercalation/deintercalation of water is examined. This effect is studied under the stimuli of visible light, photoactuation, and by increased environmental temperature, thermoactuation.
The photoactuation has been modelled using a mechanical model, and it has been demonstrated that the experimentally observed intrinsic strain can be achieved with a low deintercalation of water, around 1%. This low level of water exchange is supported by structural changes observed during heating using thin film XRD, as well as ToF-SIMS by isotopic exchange using D2O.
These results show the water intercalation hypothesis is both possible and measurable. Future development must take this mechanism into account when designing materials for improved actuation performance.
The photoactuation has been modelled using a mechanical model, and it has been demonstrated that the experimentally observed intrinsic strain can be achieved with a low deintercalation of water, around 1%. This low level of water exchange is supported by structural changes observed during heating using thin film XRD, as well as ToF-SIMS by isotopic exchange using D2O.
These results show the water intercalation hypothesis is both possible and measurable. Future development must take this mechanism into account when designing materials for improved actuation performance.
Date Issued
2021-12-22
Date Acceptance
2021-09-13
Citation
Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2021, 8 (24), pp.1-11
ISSN
2196-7350
Publisher
Wiley
Start Page
1
End Page
11
Journal / Book Title
Advanced Materials Interfaces
Volume
8
Issue
24
Copyright Statement
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
This is the accepted version of the following article: Hadden, J. H. L., Bouchet, M., Morgan, G., Riley, D. J., Mechanism of Actuation in Nickel Hydroxide/Oxyhydroxide Photoactuators. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 8, 2101072, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101072
This is the accepted version of the following article: Hadden, J. H. L., Bouchet, M., Morgan, G., Riley, D. J., Mechanism of Actuation in Nickel Hydroxide/Oxyhydroxide Photoactuators. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 8, 2101072, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101072
Identifier
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/admi.202101072
Subjects
Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Technology
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chemistry
Materials Science
actuators
electrochemical actuators
nickel hydroxide
nickel oxyhydroxide
photoactuation
thermoactuation
thin film XRD
ToF-SIMS
HYDROXIDE
0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
0912 Materials Engineering
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2021-11-17