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Reducing fossil fuel dependence and exploring just energy transition pathways in Indonesia using OSeMOSYS (open-source energy modelling system)
File(s)
climate-12-00037-v2.pdf (3.38 MB)
Published version
Author(s)
Hersaputri, Laksmita Dwi
Yeganyan, Rudolf
Cannone, Carla
Plazas-Nino, Fernando
Osei-Owusu, Simone
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Indonesia’s commitment to the Paris Agreement and its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is not adequately reflected in the significant CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel-intensive energy sectors, despite the enormous potential of renewable energy sources in the country. The ongoing coal regime has led to electricity oversupply and air pollution problems. Despite the huge challenges for Indonesia, a just energy transition away from fossil fuel is crucial. This study aims to explore the ideal energy mix and key emission reduction pathway in Indonesia in achieving a just energy transition using the least-cost optimisation energy modelling tool OSeMOSYS. Six scenarios are modelled over the period 2015–2050 including coal phase-out, NDC, the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), and carbon tax implementation. The results highlight that solar power, geothermal power, and hydropower are the alternatives for coal decommissioning. Despite the large-scale investment in renewable energy under the NDC and JETP scenarios, emissions could be reduced by 55% and 52%, respectively, by 2050. Moreover, Indonesia’s current carbon tax rate will not lead to a significant emission reduction. Three recommended policies include (1) accelerating CFPP retirement; (2) imposing an aggressive carbon tax rate; (3) prioritising investment in solar technologies.
Date Issued
2024-03-01
Date Acceptance
2024-03-01
Citation
Climate, 2024, 12 (3)
URI
URL
DOI
ISSN
2225-1154
Publisher
MDPI
Journal / Book Title
Climate
Volume
12
Issue
3
Copyright Statement
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Subjects
energy modelling
Indonesia
just energy transition
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
OSeMOSYS
Physical Sciences
POWER
renewable energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Science & Technology
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
37
Date Publish Online
2024-03-04