IL-10- and IL-13-biased T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in diabetes
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased severity and mortality from respiratory virus infections. Vaccination in the general population significantly reduces the risk of severe respiratory viral infection and triggers a strong, polyfunctional and lasting T cell response in healthy individuals. However, vaccine effectiveness in people with type 1 diabetes is unclear. Here we studied the magnitude and functional characteristics of vaccine-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and compared them to those of people living without diabetes, using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine as a model. We found defects in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory maintenance and the functionality of the vaccine-specific T cells in people with diabetes compared to people without. In those individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes that harbored detectable vaccine-specific T cells, they displayed an unfocused, tolerogenic phenotype characterized by increased expression of IL-10 and IL-13 compared to people without diabetes. These results have implications for vaccination strategies for people with diabetes.
Date Issued
2025-12-01
Date Acceptance
2025-11-25
Citation
European Journal of Immunology, 2025, 55 (12)
ISSN
0014-2980
Publisher
Wiley
Journal / Book Title
European Journal of Immunology
Volume
55
Issue
12
Copyright Statement
© 2025 The Author(s). European Journal of Immunology published by Wiley-VCH GmbH This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
License URL
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
e70112
Date Publish Online
2025-12-09