User fairness in energy harvesting-based LoRa networks with imperfect SF orthogonality
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Benkhelifa, Fatma
Qin, Zhijin
McCann, Julie A
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Long range (LoRa) demonstrates high potential in supporting massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. In this paper, we study the resource allocation in energy harvesting (EH)-enabled LoRa networks with imperfect spreading factor (SF) orthogonality. We maximize the user fairness in terms of the minimum time-averaged throughput while jointly optimizing the SF assignment, the EH time duration, and the transmit power of all LoRa users. First, we provide a general expression of the packet collision time between LoRa users which depends on the SFs and EH duration requirements of each user. Then, we develop two SF allocation schemes that either assure fairness or not for the LoRa users. Within this, we optimize the EH time and the power allocation for single and multiple uplink transmission attempts. For the single uplink transmission attempt, the optimal power allocation is obtained using bisection method. For the multiple uplink transmission attempts, the suboptimal power allocation is derived using concave-convex procedure (CCCP). Our results unearth new findings. Firstly, we demonstrate that the unfair SF allocation algorithm outperforms the others in terms of the minimum data rate. Additionally, we observe that co-SF interference is the main limitation in the throughput performance, and not really energy scarcity.
Date Issued
2021-03-23
Date Acceptance
2021-03-15
Citation
IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2021, 69 (7), pp.4319-4334
ISSN
0090-6778
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Start Page
4319
End Page
4334
Journal / Book Title
IEEE Transactions on Communications
Volume
69
Issue
7
Copyright Statement
© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Identifier
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9383301
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Telecommunications
Engineering
LPWANs
Long Range (LoRa) networks
energy harvesting
max-min fairness
spreading factors
concave-convex procedure
ALLOCATION
POWER
0804 Data Format
0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
1005 Communications Technologies
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2021-03-23