Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Lot, Roberto
Fleming, James
Chen, Boli
Evangelou, Simos
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
An optimal control formulation of an eco-driving system for front-wheel drive electric vehicles is proposed in this paper, demonstrating that including an optimal control model of driver preferences in such systems can successfully blend the objective of energy-efficiency with the subjective goals of human drivers, including desired following distances and time headways, a desired vehicle speed, smooth vehicle acceleration, and a comfortable corner negotiation speed. This builds on previous works that developed driver preference models for optimal control, but did not apply them to a realistic model of an EV powertrain to evaluate potential energy savings in practice. The resulting optimal control problem (OCP) is simplified for implementation by using a polynomial approximation of vehicle losses, and a relaxation of regenerative braking constraints that accurately accounts for required braking bias in a front-wheel drive vehicle. In testing, over a simulated 25km journey involving rural, motorway and urban sections, blending driver preferences with energy efficiency in this framework achieves energy savings of 21% with only a 7% decrease in average speed. For car-following scenarios, 10–15% energy savings are achievable with no decrease in average speed.
Date Issued
2025-03-01
Date Acceptance
2025-01-10
Citation
Transportation Engineering, 2025, 19
ISSN
2666-691X
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal / Book Title
Transportation Engineering
Volume
19
Copyright Statement
© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
10.1016/j.treng.2025.100302
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
100302
Date Publish Online
2025-01-16