Environment-wide association study to comprehensively test and validate associations between nutrition and lifestyle factors and testosterone deficiency: NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004
File(s)
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Purpose
Testosterone (T) plays an important role in men’s health and its deficiency is linked with poorer health. However, the role of nutritional and lifestyle factors in T regulation and production remains unclear. The objectives are to comprehensively test the cross-sectional associations of nutritional and lifestyle factors with T deficiency and to validate the associations in the NHANES survey.
Methods
We performed weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the association of 173 nutritional and lifestyle factors with T deficiency (total testosterone ≤ 3.5 ng/mL) in NHANES III as the discovery set (mean age 41). We controlled for multiple comparisons with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 5% and replicated in NHANES 1999–2004 (mean age 44).
Results
We identified seven nutritional factors as being inversely associated with T deficiency in NHANES 1999–2004, namely dietary intake of vitamin A, protein, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, total fats, saturated fatty acid 16:0, and phosphorus. In a multivariable model, only vitamin A intake remained significantly associated with T deficiency (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99). Principal component analysis suggested that the two principal components, (1) dietary fats, protein, and phosphorous and (2) total vitamin A, may be associated with T deficiency.
Conclusion
Our systematic evaluation provided new insight into the modifiable factors that could play a role in the regulation of T production. This study has the potential to contribute to the current body of literature which seeks to formulate a clinical definition of T deficiency after taking into account nutritional and lifestyle factors.
Testosterone (T) plays an important role in men’s health and its deficiency is linked with poorer health. However, the role of nutritional and lifestyle factors in T regulation and production remains unclear. The objectives are to comprehensively test the cross-sectional associations of nutritional and lifestyle factors with T deficiency and to validate the associations in the NHANES survey.
Methods
We performed weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the association of 173 nutritional and lifestyle factors with T deficiency (total testosterone ≤ 3.5 ng/mL) in NHANES III as the discovery set (mean age 41). We controlled for multiple comparisons with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 5% and replicated in NHANES 1999–2004 (mean age 44).
Results
We identified seven nutritional factors as being inversely associated with T deficiency in NHANES 1999–2004, namely dietary intake of vitamin A, protein, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, total fats, saturated fatty acid 16:0, and phosphorus. In a multivariable model, only vitamin A intake remained significantly associated with T deficiency (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99). Principal component analysis suggested that the two principal components, (1) dietary fats, protein, and phosphorous and (2) total vitamin A, may be associated with T deficiency.
Conclusion
Our systematic evaluation provided new insight into the modifiable factors that could play a role in the regulation of T production. This study has the potential to contribute to the current body of literature which seeks to formulate a clinical definition of T deficiency after taking into account nutritional and lifestyle factors.
Date Issued
2020-06-01
Date Acceptance
2020-02-03
Citation
Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020, 19, pp.205-214
ISSN
1109-3099
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Start Page
205
End Page
214
Journal / Book Title
Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume
19
Copyright Statement
© Hellenic Endocrine Society 2020. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-020-00179-w
Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000516437200001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Testosterone
nutrition
EWAS
NHANES
ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY
SEX-HORMONE LEVELS
MALE RATS KEPT
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION
RESISTANCE EXERCISE
BINDING GLOBULIN
SERUM PHOSPHORUS
DIETARY-PROTEIN
OLDER MEN
PLASMA
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2020-02-19