Goverdovsky, VVGoverdovskyvon Rosenberg, WWvon RosenbergNakamura, TTNakamuraLooney, DDLooneySharp, DJDJSharpPapavassiliou, CCPapavassiliouMorrell, MJMJMorrellMandic, DPDPMandic2017-08-032017-07-312017-08-032017-07-31Scientific Reports, 2017, 7 (7)2045-2322http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/48989Future health systems require the means to assess and track the neural and physiological function of a user over long periods of time, and in the community. Human body responses are manifested through multiple, interacting modalities – the mechanical, electrical and chemical; yet, current physiological monitors (e.g. actigraphy, heart rate) largely lack in cross-modal ability, are inconvenient and/or stigmatizing. We address these challenges through an inconspicuous earpiece, which benefits from the relatively stable position of the ear canal with respect to vital organs. Equipped with miniature multimodal sensors, it robustly measures the brain, cardiac and respiratory functions. Comprehensive experiments validate each modality within the proposed earpiece, while its potential in wearable health monitoring is illustrated through case studies spanning these three functions. We further demonstrate how combining data from multiple sensors within such an integrated wearable device improves both the accuracy of measurements and the ability to deal with artifacts in real-world scenarios.© The Author(s) 2017. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Cre- ative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not per- mitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .Science & TechnologyMultidisciplinary SciencesScience & Technology - Other TopicsDIELECTRIC-PROPERTIESBIOLOGICAL TISSUESELECTRODEDRYBiosensing TechniquesBrainEarHeart Function TestsHumansMiniaturizationMonitoring, PhysiologicRespiratory Function TestsWearable Electronic DevicesWireless TechnologyEarBrainHumansHeart Function TestsRespiratory Function TestsMonitoring, PhysiologicBiosensing TechniquesMiniaturizationWireless TechnologyWearable Electronic DevicesJournal Articlehttps://www.dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06925-2N/ANIHR-RP-011-048EP/K025643/1RDC04RDA03MC_PC_14100