Akalestou, ElinaElinaAkalestouMiras, AlexanderAlexanderMirasRutter, guyguyRutterLe Roux, carelcarelLe Roux2021-08-102022-08-062022-02-01Endrocrine Reviews, 2022, 43 (1), pp.19-340163-769Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/90968Obesity surgery remains the most effective treatment for obesity and its complications. Weight loss was initially attributed to decreased energy absorption from the gut but have since been linked to reduced appetitive behaviour and potentially increased energy expenditure. Implicated mechanisms associating rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract with these metabolic outcomes include central appetite control, release of gut peptides, change in microbiota and bile acids. However, the exact combination and timing of signals remain largely unknown. In this review, we survey recent research investigating these mechanisms, and seek to provide insights on unanswered questions over how weight loss is achieved following bariatric surgery which may eventually lead to safer, nonsurgical weight-loss interventions or combinations of medications with surgery© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.comObesity surgeryeating behaviorenergy expendituregut hormonesweight lossEndocrinology & Metabolism0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology1103 Clinical Sciences1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive MedicineJournal Articlehttps://www.dx.doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnab022MR/R022259/1115881212625/Z/18/Z