Tabarsi, PPTabarsiMarjani, MMMarjaniMoniri, AAMoniriFarnia, PPFarniaDizaji, MKMKDizajiGarssen, JJGarssenAdcock, IMIMAdcockMortaz, EEMortaz2017-02-102016-11-222017-02-102016-11-22International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 2016, 5 (Supplement 1), pp.S186-S1872212-554Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44142OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths among adults in countries with resource limitations. The emergence of the Xpert MTB/RIF rapid molecular assay and its subsequent World Health Organization endorsement in 2010 transformed the TB-diagnostic landscape. Xpert provided diagnostic accuracy that was far superior to that of the sputum-smear microscopy test previously used. The detection of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen in urine has emerged as a potential point-of-care test for TB. LAM antigen is a lipopolysaccharide present in mycobacterial cell walls which is released from metabolically active or degenerating bacterial cells and appears to be present only in people with active TB. Urine-based testing has advantages over sputum-based testing because urine is easy to collect and store and lacks the infection control risks associated with sputum collection. A previously study reported that urinary-LAM testing is a rapid, low-cost, ante-mortem diagnosis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated TB. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of LAM in HIV patients referred to the Mashih Daneshvari Hospital Tehran, Iran. METHODS: Urine from 31 HIV patients without TB, 33 HIV patients with pulmonary TB, and eight HIV patients with extrapulmonary TB was analyzed for LAM using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Mybiosource, San Diego, CA, USA). RESULTS: The plasma levels of LAM in pulmonary TB/HIV patients was 7.67±2.3ng/ml compared with 4.5±1.6ng/ml in extrapulmonary TB/HIV and 6.7±1.2ng/ml in HIV patients without TB. There was no significant difference in urine LAM levels between the three groups. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the limitations of using urine LAM levels for differentiating HIV-associated TB patients in Iran.© 2016 The Author(s). This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.HIV patientsIranLipoarabinomannanTuberculosisUrineJournal Articlehttps://www.dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.11.005093080/Z/10/Z2212-554X