Walton, HAHAWaltonAnderson, HRHRAndersonMills, ICICMillsKatsouyanni, EEKatsouyanniAtkinson, RRAtkinsonBrunekreef, BBBrunekreefCohen, AACohenForastiere, FFForastiereHurley, FFHurleyKrewski, DDKrewskiKrzyzanowski, MMKrzyzanowski2020-09-162020-09-162015-05-30International Journal of Public Health, 2015, 60, pp.619-6270303-8408http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/82518ObjectiveQuantitative estimates of air pollution health impacts have become an increasingly critical input to policy decisions. The WHO project “Health risks of air pollution in Europe—HRAPIE” was implemented to provide the evidence-based concentration–response functions for quantifying air pollution health impacts to support the 2013 revision of the air quality policy for the European Union (EU).MethodsA group of experts convened by WHO Regional Office for Europe reviewed the accumulated primary research evidence together with some commissioned reviews and recommended concentration–response functions for air pollutant–health outcome pairs for which there was sufficient evidence for a causal association.ResultsThe concentration–response functions link several indicators of mortality and morbidity with short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The project also provides guidance on the use of these functions and associated baseline health information in the cost–benefit analysis.ConclusionsThe project results provide the scientific basis for formulating policy actions to improve air quality and thereby reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution in Europe.© The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Science & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicinePublic, Environmental & Occupational HealthAir pollutantsHealth impact assessmentCost-benefit analysisParticulate matterOzoneNitrogen dioxideGLOBAL BURDENNITROGEN-DIOXIDEPOLLUTIONMORTALITYDISEASEEXPOSUREOUTDOORAir PollutantsAir PollutionCost-Benefit AnalysisEnvironmental ExposureEuropeHealth StatusHumansNitrogen DioxideOzoneParticulate MatterResearch DesignTime FactorsWorld Health OrganizationHumansNitrogen DioxideOzoneAir PollutantsAir PollutionEnvironmental ExposureHealth StatusResearch DesignTime FactorsCost-Benefit AnalysisWorld Health OrganizationEuropeParticulate Matter1117 Public Health and Health ServicesPublic HealthJournal Articlehttps://www.dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0690-yhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00038-015-0690-y