Lu, YYLuZamora-Ros, RRZamora-RosChan, SSChanCross, AJAJCrossWard, HHWardJakszyn, PPJakszynLuben, RRLubenOpstelten, JLJLOpsteltenOldenburg, BBOldenburgHallmans, GGHallmansKarling, PPKarlingGrip, OOGripKey, TTKeyBergmann, MMMMBergmannBoeing, HHBoeingOvervad, KKOvervadPalli, DDPalliMasala, GGMasalaKhaw, K-TK-TKhawRacine, AARacineCarbonnel, FFCarbonnelBoutron-Ruault, M-CM-CBoutron-RuaultAndersen, VVAndersenOlsen, AAOlsenTjonneland, AATjonnelandKaaks, RRKaaksTumino, RRTuminoTrichopoulou, AATrichopoulouScalbert, AAScalbertRiboli, EERiboliHart, ARARHart2017-10-312018-08-222017-08-22Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2017, 23 (12), pp.2072-20821078-0998http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/52709BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress may be involved in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease and whether dietary polyphenols, which possess antioxidants properties, prevent its development is unknown. METHODS: A total of 401,326 men and women aged 20 to 80 years from 8 countries were recruited between 1991 and 1998 and at baseline completed validated food frequency questionnaires. Dietary polyphenol intake was measured using Phenol-Explorer, a database with information on the content of 502 polyphenols. Incident cases of Crohn's diseases (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified during the follow-up period of up to December 2010. A nested case-control study using conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals, for polyphenol intake (categories based on quartiles) and developing CD or UC. RESULTS: In total, 110 CD (73% women) and 244 UC (57% women) cases were identified and matched to 440 and 976 controls, respectively. Total polyphenol intake was not associated with CD (P trend = 0.17) or UC (P trend = 0.16). For flavones and CD, there were reduced odds for all quartiles, which were statistically significant for the third (OR3rd versus 1st quartile = 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.69) and there was an inverse trend across quartiles (P = 0.03). Similarly, for resveratrol, there was an inverse association with CD (OR4th versus 1st quartile = 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.82) with an inverse trend across quartiles (P = 0.02). No significant associations between subtypes of polyphenols and UC were found. Effect modification by smoking in CD was documented with borderline statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The data supports a potential role of flavones and resveratrol in the risk of developing CD; future aetiological studies should investigate these dietary components and further examine the potential for residual confounding.© 2017 Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.1103 Clinical SciencesGastroenterology & HepatologyJournal Articlehttps://www.dx.doi.org/10.1097/MIB.00000000000011081536-4844