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Persistence of immunogenicity after seven COVID-19 vaccines given as third dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK: Three month analyses of the COV-BOOST trial
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Title: | Persistence of immunogenicity after seven COVID-19 vaccines given as third dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK: Three month analyses of the COV-BOOST trial |
Authors: | Liu, X Munro, APS Feng, S Janani, L Aley, PK Babbage, G Baxter, D Bula, M Cathie, K Chatterjee, K Dejnirattisai, W Dodd, K Enever, Y Qureshi, E Goodman, AL Green, CA Harndahl, L Haughney, J Hicks, A Van der Klaauw, AA Kwok, J Libri, V Llewelyn, MJ McGregor, AC Minassian, AM Moore, P Mughal, M Mujadidi, YF Holliday, K Osanlou, O Osanlou, R Owens, DR Pacurar, M Palfreeman, A Pan, D Rampling, T Regan, K Saich, S Serafimova, T Saralaya, D Screaton, GR Sharma, S Sheridan, R Sturdy, A Supasa, P Thomson, EC Todd, S Twelves, C Read, RC Charlton, S Hallis, B Ramsay, M Andrews, N Lambe, T Nguyen-Van-Tam, JS Cornelius, V Snape, MD Faust, SN COV-BOOST study group |
Item Type: | Journal Article |
Abstract: | OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the persistence of immunogenicity three months after third dose boosters. METHODS: COV-BOOST is a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial of seven COVID-19 vaccines used as a third booster dose. The analysis was conducted using all randomised participants who were SARS-CoV-2 naïve during the study. RESULTS: Amongst the 2883 participants randomised, there were 2422 SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants until D84 visit included in the analysis with median age of 70 (IQR: 30-94) years. In the participants who had two initial doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca; hereafter referred to as ChAd), schedules using mRNA vaccines as third dose have the highest anti-spike IgG at D84 (e.g. geometric mean concentration of 8674 ELU/ml (95% CI: 7461-10,085) following ChAd/ChAd/BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNtech, hearafter referred to as BNT)). However, in people who had two initial doses of BNT there was no significant difference at D84 in people given ChAd versus BNT (geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.78, 1.15). Also, people given Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen; hereafter referred to as Ad26) as a third dose had significantly higher anti-spike IgG at D84 than BNT (GMR of 1.20, 95%CI: 1.01,1.43). Responses at D84 between people who received BNT (15 μg) or BNT (30 μg) after ChAd/ChAd or BNT/BNT were similar, with anti-spike IgG GMRs of half-BNT (15 μg) versus BNT (30 μg) ranging between 0.74-0.86. The decay rate of cellular responses were similar between all the vaccine schedules and doses. CONCLUSIONS: 84 days after a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine the decay rates of humoral response were different between vaccines. Adenoviral vector vaccine anti-spike IgG concentrations at D84 following BNT/BNT initial doses were similar to or even higher than for a three dose (BNT/BNT/BNT) schedule. Half dose BNT immune responses were similar to full dose responses. While high antibody tires are desirable in situations of high transmission of new variants of concern, the maintenance of immune responses that confer long-lasting protection against severe disease or death is also of critical importance. Policymakers may also consider adenoviral vector, fractional dose of mRNA, or other non-mRNA vaccines as third doses. |
Issue Date: | 1-Jun-2022 |
Date of Acceptance: | 5-Apr-2022 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/97555 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.018 |
ISSN: | 0163-4453 |
Publisher: | British Infection Association |
Start Page: | 795 |
End Page: | 813 |
Journal / Book Title: | Journal of Infection |
Volume: | 84 |
Issue: | 6 |
Copyright Statement: | © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) |
Keywords: | COVID-19 vaccine Fractional dose Heterologous boost Homologous boost Immunogenicity Persistence Third dose Ad26COVS1 Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Viral BNT162 Vaccine COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Humans Immunogenicity, Vaccine Immunoglobulin G Middle Aged SARS-CoV-2 United Kingdom Viral Vaccines mRNA Vaccines COV-BOOST study group Humans Immunoglobulin G Viral Vaccines Antibodies, Viral Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Middle Aged United Kingdom Immunogenicity, Vaccine COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Vaccines mRNA Vaccines BNT162 Vaccine Ad26COVS1 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccine Fractional dose Heterologous boost Homologous boost Immunogenicity Persistence Third dose Ad26COVS1 Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Viral BNT162 Vaccine COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Humans Immunogenicity, Vaccine Immunoglobulin G Middle Aged SARS-CoV-2 United Kingdom Viral Vaccines mRNA Vaccines Microbiology 1103 Clinical Sciences |
Publication Status: | Published |
Conference Place: | England |
Online Publication Date: | 2022-04-09 |
Appears in Collections: | National Heart and Lung Institute Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London COVID-19 School of Public Health |
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License