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3-D printing quantization predistortion applied to sub-THz chained-function filters
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3-D_Printing_Quantization_Predistortion_Applied_to_Sub-THz_Chained-Function_Filters.pdf | Published version | 6.08 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Title: | 3-D printing quantization predistortion applied to sub-THz chained-function filters |
Authors: | Zhu, L Payapulli, R Shin, S-H Stanley, M Ridler, N Lucyszyn, S |
Item Type: | Journal Article |
Abstract: | This paper investigates physical dimension limits associated with the low-cost, polymer-based masked stereolithography apparatus (MSLA) 3-D printer, with 50 μm pixels defining the minimum print feature size. Based on the discretization properties of our MSLA 3-D printer, multi-step quantization predistortion is introduced to correct for registration errors between the CAD drawing and slicing software. This methodology is applied to G-band 5th order metal-pipe rectangular waveguide filters, where the pixel pitch has an equivalent electrical length of 8.5° at center frequency. When compared to the reference Chebyshev filter, our chained-function filter exhibits superior S-parameter measurements, with a low insertion loss of only 0.6 dB at its center frequency of 182 GHz, having a 0.9% frequency shift, and an acceptable worst-case passband return loss of 13 dB. Moreover, with measured dimensions after the 3-D printed parts have been commercially electroplated with a 50 μm thick layer of copper, the re-simulations are in good agreement with the S-parameter measurements. For the first time, systematic (quantization) errors associated with a pixel-based 3-D printer have been characterized and our robust predistortion methodology has been successfully demonstrated with an upper-millimeter-wave circuit. Indeed, we report the first polymer-based 3-D printed filters that operate above W-band. As pixel sizes continue to shrink, more resilient (sub-)THz filters with ever-higher frequencies of operation and more demanding specifications can be 3-D printed. Moreover, our work opens-up new opportunities for any pixel-based technology, which exhibits registration errors, with its application critically dependent on its minimum feature size. |
Issue Date: | 28-Mar-2022 |
Date of Acceptance: | 23-Mar-2022 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/96096 |
DOI: | 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3162586 |
ISSN: | 2169-3536 |
Publisher: | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
Start Page: | 38944 |
End Page: | 38963 |
Journal / Book Title: | IEEE Access |
Volume: | 10 |
Copyright Statement: | © The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Sponsor/Funder: | UK Space Agency |
Funder's Grant Number: | CT11834 |
Keywords: | 08 Information and Computing Sciences 09 Engineering 10 Technology |
Publication Status: | Published |
Open Access location: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9743466 |
Online Publication Date: | 2022-03-28 |
Appears in Collections: | Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering |
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License