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1H nuclear magnetic resonance: a future approach to the metabolic profiling of psychedelics in human biofluids?
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Final_submitted_version_of_Sylvana_paper.docx | Accepted version | 273.12 kB | Microsoft Word | View/Open |
Title: | 1H nuclear magnetic resonance: a future approach to the metabolic profiling of psychedelics in human biofluids? |
Authors: | Vilca-Melendez, S Uthaug, M Griffin, J |
Item Type: | Journal Article |
Abstract: | While psychedelics may have therapeutic potential for treating mental health disorders such as depression, further research is needed to better understand their biological effects and mechanisms of action when considering the development of future novel therapy approaches. Psychedelic research could potentially benefit from the integration of metabonomics by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, an analytical chemistry-based approach that can measure the breakdown of drugs into their metabolites and their metabolic consequences from various biofluids. We have performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the use of 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics as a tool in psychedelic research. After exploring previously published literature where 1H NMR had analysed psychedelic substances including psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), LSD derivatives, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and bufotenin, we found that the main use of 1H NMR to date has been for the structural elucidation and analytical characterisation of psychedelic molecules and that no papers used 1H NMR in the metabolic profiling of biofluids, thus exposing a current research gap and the underuse of 1H NMR. The efficacy of 1H NMR spectroscopy was also compared to mass spectrometry, where both metabonomics techniques have previously shown to be appropriate for biofluid analysis in other applications. Additionally, potential future directions for psychedelic research were identified as real-time NMR, in vivo 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 1H NMR studies of the gut microbiome. Further psychedelic studies need to be conducted that incorporate the use of 1H NMR spectroscopy in the analysis of metabolites both in the peripheral biofluids and CNS to determine whether it will be an effective future approach for clinical and naturalistic research. |
Issue Date: | 13-Dec-2021 |
Date of Acceptance: | 18-Nov-2021 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/93063 |
ISSN: | 1664-0640 |
Publisher: | Frontiers Media |
Journal / Book Title: | Frontiers in Psychiatry Psychpharmacology |
Volume: | 12 |
Sponsor/Funder: | Medical Research Council Medical Research Council (MRC) Medical Research Council (MRC) UK DRI Ltd |
Funder's Grant Number: | MR/P011705/1 MR/S010483/1 MR/P011705/2 N/A |
Keywords: | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Psychiatry psychedelics metabolomics proton nuclear magnetic resonance mass spectrometry liquid chromatography psilocybin LSD new psychoactive substances LIFE-THREATENING CANCER NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS ACID DIETHYLAMIDE H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY DRUG DISCOVERY GUT MICROBIOTA BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERIZATION HIGH-RESOLUTION HUMAN URINE HUMAN BRAIN LSD liquid chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomics new psychoactive substances proton nuclear magnetic resonance psilocybin psychedelics 1103 Clinical Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services 1701 Psychology |
Publication Status: | Published |
Online Publication Date: | 2021-11-30 |
Appears in Collections: | Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Faculty of Medicine |