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Macrophages in chronic liver failure: diversity, plasticity and therapeutic targeting
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Title: | Macrophages in chronic liver failure: diversity, plasticity and therapeutic targeting |
Authors: | Singanayagam, A Triantafyllou, E |
Item Type: | Journal Article |
Abstract: | Chronic liver injury results in immune-driven progressive fibrosis, with risk of cirrhosis development and impact on morbidity and mortality. Persistent liver cell damage and death causes immune cell activation and inflammation. Patients with advanced cirrhosis additionally experience pathological bacterial translocation, exposure to microbial products and chronic engagement of the immune system. Bacterial infections have a high incidence in cirrhosis, with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis being the most common, while the subsequent systemic inflammation, organ failure and immune dysregulation increase the mortality risk. Tissue-resident and recruited macrophages play a central part in the development of inflammation and fibrosis progression. In the liver, adipose tissue, peritoneum and intestines, diverse macrophage populations exhibit great phenotypic and functional plasticity determined by their ontogeny, epigenetic programming and local microenvironment. These changes can, at different times, promote or ameliorate disease states and therefore represent potential targets for macrophage-directed therapies. In this review, we discuss the evidence for macrophage phenotypic and functional alterations in tissue compartments during the development and progression of chronic liver failure in different aetiologies and highlight the potential of macrophage modulation as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease. |
Issue Date: | 2-Apr-2021 |
Date of Acceptance: | 18-Mar-2021 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/88795 |
DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661182 |
ISSN: | 1664-3224 |
Publisher: | Frontiers Media |
Journal / Book Title: | Frontiers in Immunology |
Volume: | 12 |
Copyright Statement: | © 2021 Singanayagam and Triantafyllou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
Keywords: | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Immunology cirrhosis macrophages liver injury liver inflammation liver fibrosis chronic liver failure Kupffer cells Kupffer cells chronic liver failure cirrhosis liver fibrosis liver inflammation liver injury macrophages 1107 Immunology 1108 Medical Microbiology |
Publication Status: | Published |
Article Number: | ARTN 661182 |
Appears in Collections: | Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction |
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License