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Origin of open-circuit voltage enhancements in planar Perovskite solar cells induced by addition of bulky organic cations

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Title: Origin of open-circuit voltage enhancements in planar Perovskite solar cells induced by addition of bulky organic cations
Authors: Lin, C-T
Lee, J
Kim, J
Macdonald, TJ
Ngiam, J
Xu, B
Daboczi, M
Xu, W
Pont, S
Park, B
Kang, H
Kim, J-S
Payne, DJ
Lee, K
Durrant, JR
McLachlan, MA
Item Type: Journal Article
Abstract: The origin of performance enhancements in p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) when incorporating low concentrations of the bulky cation 1‐naphthylmethylamine (NMA) are discussed. A 0.25 vol % addition of NMA increases the open circuit voltage (Voc) of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) PSCs from 1.06 to 1.16 V and their power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 18.7% to 20.1%. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy ion scattering data show NMA is located at grain surfaces, not the bulk. Scanning electron microscopy shows combining NMA addition with solvent assisted annealing creates large grains that span the active layer. Steady state and transient photoluminescence data show NMA suppresses non‐radiative recombination resulting from charge trapping, consistent with passivation of grain surfaces. Increasing the NMA concentration reduces device short‐circuit current density and PCE, also suppressing photoluminescence quenching at charge transport layers. Both Voc and PCE enhancements are observed when bulky cations (phenyl(ethyl/methyl)ammonium) are incorporated, but not smaller cations (Cs/MA)—indicating size is a key parameter. Finally, it demonstrates that NMA also enhances mixed iodide/bromide wide bandgap PSCs (Voc of 1.22 V with a 1.68 eV bandgap). The results demonstrate a facile approach to maximizing Voc and provide insights into morphological control and charge carrier dynamics induced by bulky cations in PSCs.
Issue Date: 12-Feb-2020
Date of Acceptance: 12-Dec-2019
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/77991
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201906763
ISSN: 1616-301X
Publisher: Wiley
Journal / Book Title: Advanced Functional Materials
Volume: 30
Issue: 7
Copyright Statement: © 2019 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article, which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adfm.201906763. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Sponsor/Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
Funder's Grant Number: EP/L016702/1
NRF-2017K1A1A2013153
Keywords: Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Technology
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chemistry, Physical
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Physics, Applied
Physics, Condensed Matter
Chemistry
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Materials Science
Physics
bulky cation additive
crystal growth
grain structure
perovskite solar cells
surface analysis
ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT
HALIDE PEROVSKITE
GRAIN-BOUNDARIES
EFFICIENT
INTERFACE
TRIHALIDE
RECOMBINATION
PASSIVATION
STABILITY
Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Technology
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chemistry, Physical
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Physics, Applied
Physics, Condensed Matter
Chemistry
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Materials Science
Physics
bulky cation additive
crystal growth
grain structure
perovskite solar cells
surface analysis
ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT
HALIDE PEROVSKITE
GRAIN-BOUNDARIES
EFFICIENT
INTERFACE
TRIHALIDE
RECOMBINATION
PASSIVATION
STABILITY
02 Physical Sciences
03 Chemical Sciences
09 Engineering
Materials
Publication Status: Published
Article Number: ARTN 1906763
Online Publication Date: 2019-12-12
Appears in Collections:Materials
Physics
Chemistry
Experimental Solid State
Faculty of Natural Sciences