A combined spatial and technological model for the planning of district energy systems

Abstract

This paper describes a combined spatial and technological model for planning district energy systems. The model is formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) and selects the optimal mix of technology types, sizes and fuels for local energy generation, combined with energy imports and exports. The model can also be used to select the locations for the energy sources, the distribution route, and optionally, to select the heat loads that will be connected to a district energy system. The optimisation model combines a map-based spatial framework, describing the potential distribution network structure, with a flexible Resource Technology Network (RTN) representation which incorporates multiple heat sources. Results for scenarios based on a test dataset are presented and show the impact of heat prices on the designed network length. The results illustrate the use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units to satisfy internal and external power demands, and also demonstrate their use in combination with heat pumps to satisfy emissions targets. A system value metric is introduced to quantify the incremental impact of investments in the heat network in areas of varying heat density. A procedure for screening potential supply locations to reduce computational requirements is proposed.