Effect of Ni on the Formation and Growth of Primary Cu6Sn5 Intermetallics in Sn-0.7 wt.%Cu Solder Pastes on Cu Substrates During the Soldering Process

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of 0.05 wt.% Ni on the formation and growth of primary Cu6Sn5 in Sn-0.7 wt.%Cu solder paste soldered on a Cu substrate, using a real-time synchrotron imaging technique. It was found that small additions of Ni significantly alter the formation and growth of the primary Cu6Sn5 intermetallics, making them small. In contrast, without Ni, primary Cu6Sn5 intermetallics tend to continue growth throughout solidification and end up much larger and coarser. The primary effect of the Ni addition appears to be in promoting the nucleation of a larger amount of small Cu6Sn5. The results provide direct evidence of the sequence of events in the reaction of Ni-containing Sn-0.7 wt.%Cu solder paste with a Cu substrate, and in particular the formation and growth of the primary Cu6Sn5 intermetallic.