Analysis of the distribution of financial benefits of BEV integrated residential energy systems: integration including optimal charging scheduling and energy management of BEV and residential energy demands

Abstract

Charging scheduling of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) poses challenges to individual users due to the large amount of information to be considered. BEV users could benefit financially by optimizing their charging scheduling. They could also benefit by integrating their BEV with their wider residential energy system. This integration can involve H2V, V2H, H2G, real-time electricity tariffs, residential BESS and PV. BEV users could also provide benefits for the wider energy system, such as through grid load balancing. In this thesis, the extent of financial benefits for users of optimized BEV charging and distribution of the benefits across society are analysed. Assessing this distribution is important to ensure equitable BEV, BESS and PV adoption and usage, as different segments of society could benefit differentially. Previous studies have presented optimizing charging scheduling, however, few studies quantitatively assessed the distribution and extent of the benefits across demographics and socio-economic factors. This thesis addresses that gap. London was used as the case study. How the benefits are distributed across demographic characteristics of household income, ethnicity, and employment status, and correlated with welfare indicators are addressed. The effects of the different components of integration on extent of the benefits are analysed. The findings show that there is differential distribution of the benefits across demographic characteristics of income, ethnicity, and employment status. The benefits can be as much as £0.2855 higher per day (£104 per year). Technologies that enable integration between the BEV, home, and the grid (V2H, H2V, H2G, TOU), and access to BESS and PV were found to have positive benefits. These findings imply that policies are required if equitable distribution of benefits of optimized BEV adoption and charging is desired.