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Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on prevalence of malaria infection in malaria indicator surveys in Burkina Faso and Nigeria

Title: Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on prevalence of malaria infection in malaria indicator surveys in Burkina Faso and Nigeria
Authors: De Cola, MA
Sawadogo, B
Richardson, S
Ibinaiye, T
Traore, A
Compaore, CS
Oguoma, C
Oresanya, O
Tougri, G
Rassi, C
Roca-Feltrer, A
Walker, P
Okell, LC
Item Type: Journal Article
Abstract: Background In 2012, the WHO issued a policy recommendation for the use of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) to children 3–59 months in areas of highly seasonal malaria transmission. Clinical trials have found SMC to prevent around 75% of clinical malaria. Impact under routine programmatic conditions has been assessed during research studies but there is a need to identify sustainable methods to monitor impact using routinely collected data. Methods Data from Demographic Health Surveys were merged with rainfall, geographical and programme data in Burkina Faso (2010, 2014, 2017) and Nigeria (2010, 2015, 2018) to assess impact of SMC. We conducted mixed-effects logistic regression to predict presence of malaria infection in children aged 6–59 months (rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopy, separately). Results We found strong evidence that SMC administration decreases odds of malaria measured by RDT during SMC programmes, after controlling for seasonal factors, age, sex, net use and other variables (Burkina Faso OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.37, p<0.001; Nigeria OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.55, p<0.001). The odds of malaria were lower up to 2 months post-SMC in Burkina Faso (1-month post-SMC: OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.72, p=0.01; 2 months post-SMC: OR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.64, p<0.001). The odds of malaria were lower up to 1 month post-SMC in Nigeria but was not statistically significant (1-month post-SMC 0.49, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.05, p=0.07). A similar but weaker effect was seen for microscopy (Burkina Faso OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.52, p<0.001; Nigeria OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.76, p<0.001). Conclusions Impact of SMC can be detected in reduced prevalence of malaria from data collected through household surveys if conducted during SMC administration or within 2 months afterwards. Such evidence could contribute to broader evaluation of impact of SMC programmes.
Issue Date: 1-May-2022
Date of Acceptance: 13-Apr-2022
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/100077
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008021
ISSN: 2059-7908
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group
Start Page: 1
End Page: 11
Journal / Book Title: BMJ Global Health
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Copyright Statement: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Sponsor/Funder: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Funder's Grant Number: INV-005289
Keywords: Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Malaria
Child health
Epidemiology
Public Health
Child health
Epidemiology
Malaria
Public Health
Antimalarials
Burkina Faso
Chemoprevention
Child
Humans
Malaria
Nigeria
Prevalence
Seasons
Humans
Malaria
Antimalarials
Chemoprevention
Prevalence
Seasons
Child
Burkina Faso
Nigeria
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Malaria
Child health
Epidemiology
Public Health
Publication Status: Published
Article Number: ARTN e008021
Online Publication Date: 2022-05-19
Appears in Collections:School of Public Health



This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License Creative Commons