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Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on prevalence of malaria infection in malaria indicator surveys in Burkina Faso and Nigeria
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Title: | Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on prevalence of malaria infection in malaria indicator surveys in Burkina Faso and Nigeria |
Authors: | De Cola, MA Sawadogo, B Richardson, S Ibinaiye, T Traore, A Compaore, CS Oguoma, C Oresanya, O Tougri, G Rassi, C Roca-Feltrer, A Walker, P Okell, LC |
Item Type: | Journal Article |
Abstract: | Background In 2012, the WHO issued a policy recommendation for the use of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) to children 3–59 months in areas of highly seasonal malaria transmission. Clinical trials have found SMC to prevent around 75% of clinical malaria. Impact under routine programmatic conditions has been assessed during research studies but there is a need to identify sustainable methods to monitor impact using routinely collected data. Methods Data from Demographic Health Surveys were merged with rainfall, geographical and programme data in Burkina Faso (2010, 2014, 2017) and Nigeria (2010, 2015, 2018) to assess impact of SMC. We conducted mixed-effects logistic regression to predict presence of malaria infection in children aged 6–59 months (rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopy, separately). Results We found strong evidence that SMC administration decreases odds of malaria measured by RDT during SMC programmes, after controlling for seasonal factors, age, sex, net use and other variables (Burkina Faso OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.37, p<0.001; Nigeria OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.55, p<0.001). The odds of malaria were lower up to 2 months post-SMC in Burkina Faso (1-month post-SMC: OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.72, p=0.01; 2 months post-SMC: OR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.64, p<0.001). The odds of malaria were lower up to 1 month post-SMC in Nigeria but was not statistically significant (1-month post-SMC 0.49, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.05, p=0.07). A similar but weaker effect was seen for microscopy (Burkina Faso OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.52, p<0.001; Nigeria OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.76, p<0.001). Conclusions Impact of SMC can be detected in reduced prevalence of malaria from data collected through household surveys if conducted during SMC administration or within 2 months afterwards. Such evidence could contribute to broader evaluation of impact of SMC programmes. |
Issue Date: | 1-May-2022 |
Date of Acceptance: | 13-Apr-2022 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/100077 |
DOI: | 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008021 |
ISSN: | 2059-7908 |
Publisher: | BMJ Publishing Group |
Start Page: | 1 |
End Page: | 11 |
Journal / Book Title: | BMJ Global Health |
Volume: | 7 |
Issue: | 5 |
Copyright Statement: | © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. |
Sponsor/Funder: | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
Funder's Grant Number: | INV-005289 |
Keywords: | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Malaria Child health Epidemiology Public Health Child health Epidemiology Malaria Public Health Antimalarials Burkina Faso Chemoprevention Child Humans Malaria Nigeria Prevalence Seasons Humans Malaria Antimalarials Chemoprevention Prevalence Seasons Child Burkina Faso Nigeria Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Malaria Child health Epidemiology Public Health |
Publication Status: | Published |
Article Number: | ARTN e008021 |
Online Publication Date: | 2022-05-19 |
Appears in Collections: | School of Public Health |
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License