Predicting the hydration of ground granulated blast furnace slag and recycled glass blended cements
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The use of recycled glass powder (RCGP) is investigated as a partial replacement for ground granulated blast furnace slag in blended CEM II/A-LL cements using thermodynamic modelling to simulate cement paste hydration at a water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.5. This study allows a rapid means of examining the likely evolution of these materials over the first two to three years, allowing experimental work to focus on promising formulations. A comparison is made between the evolving solid phase and solution chemistries of four materials: a standard Portland-limestone (CEM II/A-LL), a ‘control’ blend, comprising equal quantities of CEM II/A-LL with GGBS and two novel blended cements containing RCGP. These represent 15% replacement (by mass) of GGBS by RCGP blended with either 40% or 60% CEM II/A-LL. The simulations were performed using the code HYDCEM, a cement hydration simulator, which calls on the thermodynamic model PHREEQC to sequentially simulate the evolution of the four cements. The results suggest that partial replacement of GGBS by 15% RCGP results in no significant change in system chemistry. The partial replacement of cementitious slag by waste container glass provides a route by which this material can be diverted from the landfill inventory, and the mass-balance and energy balance implications will be reported elsewhere.
Date Issued
2025-06-18
Date Acceptance
2025-05-30
Citation
Applied Sciences, 2025, 15 (12)
ISSN
2076-3417
Publisher
MDPI AG
Journal / Book Title
Applied Sciences
Volume
15
Issue
12
Copyright Statement
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/)
License URL
Subjects
blended cements
CEM II/A-LL
Chemistry
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Engineering
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
hydration
Materials Science
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
modelling
Physical Sciences
Physics
Physics, Applied
recycled glass
Science & Technology
slag cement
Technology
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
6872
Date Publish Online
2025-06-18