Non-conjugative plasmids limit their mobility to persist in nature
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Plasmids are mobile genetic elements that disseminate beneficial genes, such as those conferring antibiotic resistance, but the evolutionary forces shaping their distribution remain unclear. This study challenges the idea that non-conjugative plasmids evolved for high-frequency spread. Using Staphylococcus aureus as a model, we found these plasmids lack key DNA sequences (“pac” or “cos” sites) essential for efficient phage-mediated transduction, despite such sequences not being costly. While S. aureus plasmids can evolve to enhance phage-mediated mobility by incorporating phage DNA, this strategy proves detrimental. In mixed populations, low plasmid transfer enables plasmids to coexist and protect host bacteria and neighbours from threats. However, increased movement reduces plasmid diversity, eroding protective benefits and leaving populations vulnerable. Our findings indicate plasmids evolve to restrict movement, maintaining diversity and ensuring survival against threats like antibiotics and phages. This balance explains why plasmid mobility remains low in nature, despite their potential for rapid gene transfer.
Date Issued
2025-11-25
Date Acceptance
2025-10-01
Citation
Cell reports, 2025, 44 (11)
ISSN
2211-1247
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal / Book Title
Cell reports
Volume
44
Issue
11
Copyright Statement
© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
116456
Date Publish Online
2025-10-22