Reducing applied force in colonoscopy using a novel soft robotic colonoscope: a head-to-head study
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background and study aims
Current colonoscopies have a recognized limitation. Manual pushing and pulling required by operators provides gross movement in the bowel. Reported pain, therefore, is likely due to the manual force applied. Implementing novel steering techniques with a soft growing robotic system can potentially overcome challenges such as fine control, precise steering, and capability to expand treatment options for complex therapies. This study assessed a novel controlled-growing soft robot compared with a standard colonoscope in terms of force exhibited on a model bowel wall and its clinical implications.
Methods
A head-to-head study using a hybrid colon phantom of the left colon was undertaken. Both the novel soft-robot and standard colonoscope were passed through the phantom by endoscopists. Multiple passes were undertaken in the phantom with both colonoscopy methods with force values recorded at two points (rectum and sigmoid) with pressure sensors.
Results
Nine clinical endoscopists (4M:5F, 5 non-expert, 4 expert) were recruited. Average force with the novel robot was 0.25N (rectum) and 0.19N (sigmoid). Average force applied with standard colonoscopy was 2.82N (rectum) and 1.45N (sigmoid).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated an improvement in force with the novel soft robot compared with a standard colonoscope. This suggests the possibility of more comfortable colonoscopy for patients. Currently time taken is longer with the novel robot, which is attributable to the learning curve and improves in subsequent passes. Further work will be undertaken in a complete colon model with aspirations to reach in-vivo experiments.
Current colonoscopies have a recognized limitation. Manual pushing and pulling required by operators provides gross movement in the bowel. Reported pain, therefore, is likely due to the manual force applied. Implementing novel steering techniques with a soft growing robotic system can potentially overcome challenges such as fine control, precise steering, and capability to expand treatment options for complex therapies. This study assessed a novel controlled-growing soft robot compared with a standard colonoscope in terms of force exhibited on a model bowel wall and its clinical implications.
Methods
A head-to-head study using a hybrid colon phantom of the left colon was undertaken. Both the novel soft-robot and standard colonoscope were passed through the phantom by endoscopists. Multiple passes were undertaken in the phantom with both colonoscopy methods with force values recorded at two points (rectum and sigmoid) with pressure sensors.
Results
Nine clinical endoscopists (4M:5F, 5 non-expert, 4 expert) were recruited. Average force with the novel robot was 0.25N (rectum) and 0.19N (sigmoid). Average force applied with standard colonoscopy was 2.82N (rectum) and 1.45N (sigmoid).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated an improvement in force with the novel soft robot compared with a standard colonoscope. This suggests the possibility of more comfortable colonoscopy for patients. Currently time taken is longer with the novel robot, which is attributable to the learning curve and improves in subsequent passes. Further work will be undertaken in a complete colon model with aspirations to reach in-vivo experiments.
Date Issued
2025-07-24
Date Acceptance
2025-06-14
Citation
Endoscopy International Open, 2025, 13
ISSN
2364-3722
Publisher
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Journal / Book Title
Endoscopy International Open
Volume
13
Copyright Statement
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
10.1055/a-2641-5827
Subjects
Endoscopy Lower GI Tract
Quality and logistical aspects
Training
Quality management
Performance and complications
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
ARTN a26415827
Date Publish Online
2025-07-24