A comprehensive review is undertaken of the methods available for 3D whole-heart first-pass perfusion (FPP) and
their application to date, with particular focus on possible acceleration techniques. Following a summary of the
parameters typically desired of 3D FPP methods, the review explains the mechanisms of key acceleration
techniques and their potential use in FPP for attaining 3D acquisitions. The mechanisms include rapid sequences,
non-Cartesian k-space trajectories, reduced k-space acquisitions, parallel imaging reconstructions and compressed
sensing. An attempt is made to explain, rather than simply state, the varying methods with the hope that it will
give an appreciation of the different components making up a 3D FPP protocol. Basic estimates demonstrating the
required total acceleration factors in typical 3D FPP cases are included, providing context for the extent that each
acceleration method can contribute to the required imaging speed, as well as potential limitations in present 3D
FPP literature. Although many 3D FPP methods are too early in development for the type of clinical trials required
to show any clear benefit over current 2D FPP methods, the review includes the small but growing quantity of
clinical research work already using 3D FPP, alongside the more technical work. Broader challenges concerning FPP
such as quantitative analysis are not covered, but challenges with particular impact on 3D FPP methods, particularly
with regards to motion effects, are discussed along with anticipated future work in the field.