Supporting public involvement in defining estimands: a practical tool accessibly explaining the five key attributes of an estimand
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background: An estimand is a precise description of the treatment effect a trial is aiming to find out. We previously identified that public partners (defined as patients and/or members of the public who are part of the research team) want to be involved in establishing estimands during trial planning. This involvement ensures that trials address the questions that matter most to patients and the public. To initiate this, we co-developed a tool with public partners to help researchers explain the concept of an estimand in an accessible way. However, for public partners to be actively involved in defining estimands, the scientific terms used to describe the five attributes of an estimand must be further broken down. Accessible terms to describe estimand attributes would also be of benefit to researchers who are new to the estimand framework. Therefore, we aimed to co-develop with public partners an additional practical tool to clearly describe these five attributes and facilitate their understanding.
Methods: An online consultation meeting followed by an in-person workshop was held with 5 public partners of mixed age, gender and ethnicities, from various regions of the UK. Public partner opinions were collected and the newly proposed accessible terms to describe the attributes of an estimand were developed. Afterwards, the proposed accessible terms were presented to an independent wider patient and public involvement and engagement group with 15 public members at an online meeting. The accessible estimand attribute terms were refined and additional feedback sought via email.
Results: A tool explaining the 5 attributes of an estimand, accessibly referred to as the 5 pillars of the research question, was created incorporating the public partner feedback.
Conclusion: We provide a co-developed tool for researchers and public partners to use to facilitate the involvement of public partners in devising estimands. The tool explains the 5 attributes of an estimand using accessible terms proposed by public partners. It can be used in conjunction with the previously developed tool, which introduces what an estimand is and why it matters, to facilitate discussions with public partners on defining estimands during trial planning. The tools can also be used by other stakeholders including researchers unfamiliar with the estimand framework and those who find the scientific estimand attribute terms inaccessible.
Methods: An online consultation meeting followed by an in-person workshop was held with 5 public partners of mixed age, gender and ethnicities, from various regions of the UK. Public partner opinions were collected and the newly proposed accessible terms to describe the attributes of an estimand were developed. Afterwards, the proposed accessible terms were presented to an independent wider patient and public involvement and engagement group with 15 public members at an online meeting. The accessible estimand attribute terms were refined and additional feedback sought via email.
Results: A tool explaining the 5 attributes of an estimand, accessibly referred to as the 5 pillars of the research question, was created incorporating the public partner feedback.
Conclusion: We provide a co-developed tool for researchers and public partners to use to facilitate the involvement of public partners in devising estimands. The tool explains the 5 attributes of an estimand using accessible terms proposed by public partners. It can be used in conjunction with the previously developed tool, which introduces what an estimand is and why it matters, to facilitate discussions with public partners on defining estimands during trial planning. The tools can also be used by other stakeholders including researchers unfamiliar with the estimand framework and those who find the scientific estimand attribute terms inaccessible.
Date Issued
2025-10-27
Date Acceptance
2025-06-20
Citation
Trials, 2025, 26
ISSN
1745-6215
Publisher
BMC
Journal / Book Title
Trials
Volume
26
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
License URL
Identifier
10.1186/s13063-025-08941-4
Subjects
Clinical trial
Estimand
Patient and public involvement
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
ARTN 440
Date Publish Online
2025-10-27