Evaluation of patients who are unable to provide behavioral responses on standard clinical measures is challenging due to the lack of standard objective (non-behavioral) clinical audiological measures that assess the outcome of an intervention (e.g. hearing aids). Brainstem responses to short consonant-vowel stimuli (speech-ABRs) have been proposed as a measure of subcortical encoding of speech, speech detection, and speech-in-noise performance in individuals with normal hearing. Here, we investigated the potential of speech-ABRs as an objective clinical outcome measure of speech detection, speech-in-noise detection and recognition, and self-reported speech understanding in adults with sensorineural hearing loss. We compared aided and unaided speech-ABRs, and speech-ABRs in quiet and in noise. Additionally, we evaluated whether speech-ABR F0 encoding (obtained from the complex cross-correlation with the 40 ms [da] fundamental waveform) predicted aided behavioral speech recognition in noise and/or aided self-reported speech understanding. Results showed: (i) aided speech-ABRs had earlier peak latencies, larger peak amplitudes, and larger F0 encoding amplitudes compared to unaided speech-ABRs; (ii) the addition of background noise resulted in later F0 encoding latencies, but did not have an effect on peak latencies and amplitudes, or on F0 encoding amplitudes; and (iii) speech-ABRs were not a significant predictor of any of the behavioral or self-report measures. These results show thatspeech-ABR F0 encoding is not a good predictor of speech-in-noise recognition or self reported speech understanding with hearing aids. However, our results suggest that speech- ABRs may have potential for clinical application as an objective measure of speech detection with hearing aids.