Nociception related biomolecules in the adult human saliva: a scoping review with additional quantitative focus on cortisol
Author(s)
Zarnegar, Roxaneh
Vounta, Angeliki
Li, Qiuyuan
Ghoreishizadeh, Sara S
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Nociception related salivary biomolecules can be useful patients who are not able to self-report pain. We present the existing evidence on this topic using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and a more focused analysis of cortisol change after cold pain induction using the direction of effect analysis combined with risk of bias analysis using ROBINS-I. Five data bases were searched systematically for articles on adults with acute pain secondary to disease, injury, or experimentally induced pain. Forty three articles met the inclusion criteria for the general review and 11 of these were included in the cortisol-cold pain analysis. Salivary melatonin, kallikreins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, soluable TNF-α receptor II, secretory IgA, testosterone, salivary α-amylase (sAA) and, most commonly, cortisol have been studied in relation to acute pain. There is greatest information about cortisol and sAA which both rise after cold pain when compared with other modalities. Where participants have been subjected to both pain and stress, stress is consistently a more reliable predictor of salivary biomarker change than pain. There remain considerable challenges in identifying biomarkers that can be used in clinical practice to guide the measurement of nociception and treatment of pain. Standardization of methodology and researchers’ greater awareness of the factors that affect salivary biomolecule concentrations are needed to improve our understanding of this field towards creating a clinically relevant body of evidence.
Date Issued
2024-02
Date Acceptance
2024-02-15
Citation
Molecular Pain, 2024, 20
ISSN
1744-8069
Publisher
SAGE Publishing
Journal / Book Title
Molecular Pain
Volume
20
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2024. Creative Commons License (CC BY 4.0) This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
License URL
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38385158
Subjects
Acute pain
ALPHA-AMYLASE
biomarkers
BLOOD-PRESSURE
COLD PRESSOR
experimental pain
HEALTHY-MEN
induced pain
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
MODULATION
Neurosciences
Neurosciences & Neurology
PAIN PERCEPTION
RECEPTOR II RESPONSES
saliva
Science & Technology
scoping review
SENSITIVITY
STRESS-INDUCED ANALGESIA
TESTOSTERONE
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
United States
Article Number
17448069241237121
Date Publish Online
2024-03-05