Citicoline has been widely used for the treatment of neurological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS), and exhibit potential for infection management, providing anti‑inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The present study describes the case of a 50‑year‑old male patient co‑infected with suspected tuberculosis and COVID‑19 affecting the CNS who was treated with citicoline. The study aimed to raise clinical questions and initiate a comprehensive literature review. It also aimed to explore the plausible benefits of the use of citicoline in restoring consciousness and alleviating neurological symptoms in CNS infections. In the literature review, eight studies, including two quasi‑experimental studies, five literature reviews, and one case report were found to be relevant to the case of the patient described herein, and they suggested that citicoline demonstrated partial protection against cerebral malaria, prevented encephalitis sequelae when immediately administered, and inhibited coronavirus replication. Additionally, six studies reported the potential of citicoline in the treatment of neurological conditions, such as ethambutol‑induced optic neuropathy, stroke, head trauma and CNS infections caused by cerebral malaria and COVID‑19, compared to standard therapy. Citicoline shows promise as an adjuvant therapy for neurological complications associated with CNS infections.