Dietary patterns and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in Europe: Results from the EPIC study
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Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background: Specific nutrients or foods have been inconsistently associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) risks. Thus, we investigated associations between diet as a whole, as dietary patterns, and UC and CD risks.
Methods: Within the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer) study, we set up a nested matched case–control study among 366,351 participants with inflammatory bowel disease data, including 256 incident cases of UC and 117 of CD, and 4 matched controls per case. Dietary intake was recorded at baseline from validated food frequency questionnaires. Incidence rate ratios of developing UC and CD were calculated for quintiles of the Mediterranean diet score and a posteriori dietary patterns produced by factor analysis.
Results: No dietary pattern was associated with either UC or CD risks. However, when excluding cases occurring within the first 2 years after dietary assessment, there was a positive association between a “high sugar and soft drinks” pattern and UC risk (incidence rate ratios for the fifth versus first quintile, 1.68 [1.00–2.82]; Ptrend = 0.02). When considering the foods most associated with the pattern, high consumers of sugar and soft drinks were at higher UC risk only if they had low vegetables intakes.
Conclusions: A diet imbalance with high consumption of sugar and soft drinks and low consumption of vegetables was associated with UC risk. Further studies are needed to investigate whether microbiota alterations or other mechanisms mediate this association.
Methods: Within the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer) study, we set up a nested matched case–control study among 366,351 participants with inflammatory bowel disease data, including 256 incident cases of UC and 117 of CD, and 4 matched controls per case. Dietary intake was recorded at baseline from validated food frequency questionnaires. Incidence rate ratios of developing UC and CD were calculated for quintiles of the Mediterranean diet score and a posteriori dietary patterns produced by factor analysis.
Results: No dietary pattern was associated with either UC or CD risks. However, when excluding cases occurring within the first 2 years after dietary assessment, there was a positive association between a “high sugar and soft drinks” pattern and UC risk (incidence rate ratios for the fifth versus first quintile, 1.68 [1.00–2.82]; Ptrend = 0.02). When considering the foods most associated with the pattern, high consumers of sugar and soft drinks were at higher UC risk only if they had low vegetables intakes.
Conclusions: A diet imbalance with high consumption of sugar and soft drinks and low consumption of vegetables was associated with UC risk. Further studies are needed to investigate whether microbiota alterations or other mechanisms mediate this association.
Date Issued
2015-12-30
Date Acceptance
2015-09-17
Citation
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2015, 22 (2), pp.345-354
ISSN
1536-4844
Publisher
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Start Page
345
End Page
354
Journal / Book Title
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Volume
22
Issue
2
Copyright Statement
© 2016 Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America, Inc. This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Sponsor
Imperial College Trust
Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000369291400010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Grant Number
P47328
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
environmental factors
nutrition
dietary pattern
IBD
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACID
ULCERATIVE-COLITIS
CROHNS-DISEASE
PROSPECTIVE COHORT
COLORECTAL-CANCER
ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
MEDITERRANEAN DIET
GUT MICROBIOTA
FRUCTOSE
ETIOLOGY
1103 Clinical Sciences
Publication Status
Published