The immunopathogenesis of neuroinvasive lesions of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients
Author(s)
Alipoor, Shamila D
Mortaz, Esmaeil
Varahram, Mohammad
Garssen, Johan
Adcock, Ian M
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 was identified in December 2019. It subsequently spread across the world with over 125 M reported cases and 2.75 M deaths in 190 countries. COVID-19 causes severe respiratory distress; however, recent studies have reported neurological consequences of infection by the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 even in subjects with mild infection and no initial neurological effects. It is likely that the virus uses the olfactory nerve to reach the CNS and that this transport mechanism enables virus access to areas of the brain stem that regulates respiratory rhythm and may even trigger cell death by alteration of these neuronal nuclei. In addition, the long-term neuronal effects of COVID-19 suggest a role for SARS-CoV-2 in the development or progression of neurodegerative disease as a result of inflammation and/or hypercoagulation. In this review recent findings on the mechanism(s) by which SARS-CoV-2 accesses the CNS and induces neurological dysregulation are summarized.
Date Issued
2021-07-30
Date Acceptance
2021-07-05
Citation
Frontiers in Neurology, 2021, 12, pp.1-10
ISSN
1664-2295
Publisher
Frontiers Media
Start Page
1
End Page
10
Journal / Book Title
Frontiers in Neurology
Volume
12
Copyright Statement
© 2021 Alipoor, Mortaz, Varahram, Garssen and Adcock. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
License URL
Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000685580500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Clinical Neurology
Neurosciences
Neurosciences & Neurology
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2-
neuroinvasive lesions
cytokine storm
IL-6
RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS
BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER
PARKINSONS-DISEASE
MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS
INFLUENZA-VIRUS
EXPRESSION
INFLAMMATION
ACE2
RNA
NEUROINFLAMMATION
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
ARTN 697079
Date Publish Online
2021-07-30