What spatial geometry does the (2+1)-dimensional QFT vacuum prefer?
File(s)PhysRevLett.120.261601.pdf (160.37 KB)
Published version
Author(s)
Fischetti, Sebastian
Wallis, Lucas
Wiseman, Toby
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
We consider relativistic (2+1)-dimensional quantum field theories (QFTs) on a product of time with a two-space and study the vacuum free energy as a functional of the temperature and spatial geometry. We focus on free scalar and Dirac fields on arbitrary perturbations of flat space, finding that the free energy difference from flat space is finite and always negative to leading order in the perturbation. Thus, free (2+1)-dimensional QFTs appear to always energetically favor a crumpled space on all scales; this is true both as a purely quantum effect at zero temperature and as a purely thermal effect at high temperature. Importantly, we show that this quantum effect is non-negligible for the relativistic Dirac degrees of freedom on monolayer graphene even at room temperature, so we argue that this vacuum energy effect should be included for a proper analysis of the equilibrium configuration of graphene or similar materials.
Date Issued
2019-06-28
Date Acceptance
2018-05-30
Citation
Physical Review Letters, 2019, 120
ISSN
0031-9007
Publisher
American Physical Society
Journal / Book Title
Physical Review Letters
Volume
120
Copyright Statement
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.
Sponsor
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Identifier
http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.04414v1
Grant Number
ST/L00044X/1
Subjects
hep-th
hep-th
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
cond-mat.stat-mech
Notes
4+2 pages
Publication Status
Unpublished
Article Number
ARTN 261601