Batteries are important enablers of clean energy and mobility, but improvements in performance,
longevity, safety and sustainability are needed. Battery models used to design a product on a
computer save time and reduce the number of expensive physical prototypes needed. Computer
models at multiple scales consider not only the properties of materials, components and cells, but
also the impacts on pack functionality and across the lifecycle. Model simulations are often the only
practical way to predict battery performance or battery failure, ensuring their safe and efficient
operation.