Ultrasound-assisted continuous aqueous synthesis of sulfonate, imidazolate, and carboxylate MOFs with high space time yield
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The boom in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for applications from chemical separations and gas storage to membranes for energy conversion and storage has stimulated interest in scalable MOF production methods. Combining the increased heat and mass transfer of flow reactors with the enhanced mixing and nucleation rates of sono-chemical synthesis, we developed an ultrasound-assisted two-phase flow platform for the aqueous synthesis of MOFs spanning three ligand chemistries, sulfonate Ca-NDS (water), imidazolate ZIF-8, and carboxylate UiO-66-NH2. We show that this reactor does not foul, facilitating continuous operation at an STY of 3.4 × 104 (±1 × 103) kg m-3 day-1 of proton-conducting Ca-NDS (water). ZIF-8 and UiO-66-NH2 MOFs prepared in ultrasound-assisted flow with smaller, uniform particle sizes exhibited matched or superior gas sorption to those made in batch. These results highlight the potential of ultrasound-assisted flow synthesis for MOFs, offering enhanced nucleation alongside process intensification, and paving the way for more efficient MOF production.
Date Issued
2025-05-16
Date Acceptance
2025-05-02
Citation
Communications Chemistry, 2025, 8
ISSN
2399-3669
Publisher
Nature Portfolio
Journal / Book Title
Communications Chemistry
Volume
8
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2025 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
License URL
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40379945
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
England
Article Number
154
Date Publish Online
2025-05-16