FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Mint, buchu, dill and caraway derived flavoring ingredients
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. NFC flavor materials include a variety of essential oils and botanical extracts. The re-evaluation of NFCs is conducted based on a constituent-based procedure outlined in 2005 and updated in 2018 to evaluate the safety of NFCs for their intended use as flavor ingredients. This procedure is applied in the re-evaluation of the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of NFCs with constituent profiles that are dominated by alicyclic ketones such as menthone and carvone, secondary alcohols such as menthol and carveol, and related compounds. The FEMA Expert Panel affirmed the GRAS status of Peppermint Oil (FEMA 2848), Spearmint Oil (FEMA 3032), Spearmint Extract (FEMA 3031), Cornmint Oil (FEMA 4219), Erospicata Oil (FEMA 4777), Curly Mint Oil (FEMA 4778), Pennyroyal Oil (FEMA 2839), Buchu Leaves Oil (FEMA 2169), Caraway Oil (FEMA 2238) and Dill Oil (FEMA 2383) and determined FEMA GRAS status for Buchu Leaves Extract (FEMA 4923), Peppermint Oil, Terpeneless (FEMA 4924) and Spearmint Oil, Terpeneless (FEMA 4925).
Date Issued
2020-01-01
Date Acceptance
2019-10-02
Citation
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020, 135
ISSN
0278-6915
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Journal / Book Title
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume
135
Copyright Statement
© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/).
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Food Science & Technology
Toxicology
Mint essential oils
Dill and caraway essential oils
Pulegone
Natural flavor complex
GRAS
Safety evaluation
CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE NEPHROPATHY
RENAL TUBULE TUMORS
SHORT-TERM TOXICITY
ANETHUM-GRAVEOLENS L.
FALSE-POSITIVE RATES
SAFETY EVALUATION
PEPPERMINT OIL
FOOD-ADDITIVES
F344 RATS
IN-VITRO
Dill and caraway essential oils
GRAS
Mint essential oils
Natural flavor complex
Pulegone
Safety evaluation
Biological Products
Flavoring Agents
Plant Extracts
Plants
United States
United States Food and Drug Administration
Plants
Plant Extracts
Biological Products
Flavoring Agents
United States Food and Drug Administration
United States
Food Science
0908 Food Sciences
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
ARTN 110870
Date Publish Online
2019-10-08