Thermal decomposition of ternary sodium graphite intercalation compounds
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Published version
Author(s)
Au, Heather
Rubio, Noelia
Buckley, David J
Mattevi, Cecilia
Shaffer, Milo SP
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are often used to produce exfoliated or functionalised graphene related materials (GRMs) in a specific solvent. This study explores the formation of the Na-tetrahydrofuran (THF)-GIC and a new ternary system based on dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Detailed comparisons of in situ temperature dependent XRD with TGA-MS and Raman measurements reveal a series of dynamic transformations during heating. Surprisingly, the bulk of the intercalation compound is stable under ambient conditions, trapped between the graphene sheets. The heating process drives a reorganisation of the solvent and Na molecules, then an evaporation of the solvent; however, the solvent loss is arrested by restacking of the graphene layers, leading to trapped solvent bubbles. Eventually, the bubbles rupture, releasing the remaining solvent and creating expanded graphite. These trapped dopants may provide useful property enhancements, but also potentially confound measurements of grafting efficiency in liquid-phase covalent functionalization experiments on 2D materials.
Date Issued
2020-05-20
Date Acceptance
2020-03-01
Citation
Chemistry: A European Journal, 2020, 26 (29), pp.6545-6553
ISSN
0947-6539
Publisher
Wiley
Start Page
6545
End Page
6553
Journal / Book Title
Chemistry: A European Journal
Volume
26
Issue
29
Copyright Statement
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sponsor
Commission of the European Communities
Commission of the European Communities
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32142591
Grant Number
696656
785219
EP/K016792/1
EP/K01658X/1
Subjects
2D materials
X-ray diffraction
exfoliation
graphene
graphite intercalation compounds
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
Germany
Date Publish Online
2020-03-06