Platinum nanocatalyst amplification: redefining the gold standard for lateral flow immunoassays with ultra-broad dynamic range
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are one of the most widely used point-of-care (PoC) devices; however, their application in early disease diagnostics is often limited due to insufficient sensitivity for the requisite sample sizes and the short time frames of PoC testing. To address this, we developed a serum-stable, nanoparticle catalyst-labeled LFIA with a sensitivity surpassing that of both current commercial and published sensitivities for paper-based detection of p24, one of the earliest and most conserved biomarkers of HIV. We report the synthesis and characterization of porous platinum core–shell nanocatalysts (PtNCs), which show high catalytic activity when exposed to complex human blood serum samples. We explored the application of antibody-functionalized PtNCs with strategically and orthogonally modified nanobodies with high affinity and specificity toward p24 and established the key larger nanoparticle size regimes needed for efficient amplification and performance in LFIA. Harnessing the catalytic amplification of PtNCs enabled naked-eye detection of p24 spiked into sera in the low femtomolar range (ca. 0.8 pg·mL–1) and the detection of acute-phase HIV in clinical human plasma samples in under 20 min. This provides a versatile absorbance-based and rapid LFIA with sensitivity capable of significantly reducing the HIV acute phase detection window. This diagnostic may be readily adapted for detection of other biomolecules as an ultrasensitive screening tool for infectious and noncommunicable diseases and can be capitalized upon in PoC settings for early disease detection.
Date Issued
2017-12-07
Date Acceptance
2017-12-07
Citation
ACS Nano, 2017, 12 (1), pp.279-288
ISSN
1936-0851
Publisher
American Chemical Society
Start Page
279
End Page
288
Journal / Book Title
ACS Nano
Volume
12
Issue
1
Copyright Statement
This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
License URL
Sponsor
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E
Medical Research Council (MRC)
Commission of the European Communities
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
Identifier
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.7b06229
Grant Number
EP/K031953/1
538559, MR/P024378/1
ERC-2013-CoG-616417
EP/K020641/1
Subjects
Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Technology
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chemistry, Physical
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chemistry
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Materials Science
lateral flow immunoassay
porous platinum core-shell nanoparticles
broad dynamic range
enzyme mimic
nanobodies
biorthogonal chemistry
point-of-care
HIV detection
PEROXIDASE-LIKE ACTIVITY
ACUTE HIV-INFECTION
ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS
HIGHLY EFFICIENT
DETECTION LIMITS
P24 ANTIGEN
NANOPARTICLES
POINT
DIAGNOSTICS
SYSTEM
HIV detection
biorthogonal chemistry
broad dynamic range
enzyme mimic
lateral flow immunoassay
nanobodies
point-of-care
porous platinum core−shell nanoparticles
Antibodies, Immobilized
Catalysis
Equipment Design
Gold
HIV
HIV Core Protein p24
HIV Infections
Humans
Immunoassay
Metal Nanoparticles
Platinum
Point-of-Care Testing
Porosity
Humans
HIV
HIV Infections
Gold
Platinum
HIV Core Protein p24
Immunoassay
Equipment Design
Catalysis
Porosity
Metal Nanoparticles
Antibodies, Immobilized
Point-of-Care Testing
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2017-12-22