Air benchmark results
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Chapter
Abstract
This chapter discusses the application of different MF methods to the L3 and L2 air benchmarks. The L3
benchmark problems consider drag and fuel burn minimization of a wing-fuselage-tail configuration using linear and compressible Euler aerodynamics, both with and without aeroelastic coupling. The L2 benchmark problems consider drag minimization of an airfoil using solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Results are provided by Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Istanbul Technical University (ITU), and University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) for the L3 benchmarks, whereas results are provided by Italian Aerospace Research Centre (CIRA), ITU, and Politecnico di Torino (PoliTO) for the L2 benchmarks. In the L3 and higher-dimensional L2 problems, the multi-fidelity methods effectively improved the predicted performance in the design problems to levels comparable with design using high-fidelity methods only. Performance in the lower-dimensional L2 problems also improved, but to a lesser degree compared to the high-fidelity, reference optimum. Some of the challenges and potential directions for future research are discussed.
benchmark problems consider drag and fuel burn minimization of a wing-fuselage-tail configuration using linear and compressible Euler aerodynamics, both with and without aeroelastic coupling. The L2 benchmark problems consider drag minimization of an airfoil using solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Results are provided by Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Istanbul Technical University (ITU), and University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) for the L3 benchmarks, whereas results are provided by Italian Aerospace Research Centre (CIRA), ITU, and Politecnico di Torino (PoliTO) for the L2 benchmarks. In the L3 and higher-dimensional L2 problems, the multi-fidelity methods effectively improved the predicted performance in the design problems to levels comparable with design using high-fidelity methods only. Performance in the lower-dimensional L2 problems also improved, but to a lesser degree compared to the high-fidelity, reference optimum. Some of the challenges and potential directions for future research are discussed.
Date Issued
2025-03-18
Citation
Goal-Driven, Multi-Fidelity Approaches for Military Vehicle System-Level Design [STO-TR-AVT-331], 2025, pp.7-1-7-21
ISBN
978-92-837-2509-1
Publisher
NATO STO
Start Page
7-1
End Page
7-21
Journal / Book Title
Goal-Driven, Multi-Fidelity Approaches for Military Vehicle System-Level Design [STO-TR-AVT-331]
Copyright Statement
© 2025 NATO STO.
Identifier
https://publications.sto.nato.int/publications/STO%20Technical%20Reports/STO-TR-AVT-331/$$TR-AVT-331-ALL.pdf
Article Number
Chapter 7