X-ray generation from and spectroscopy of a thin liquid sheet
File(s)
Author(s)
Barnard, Jonathan Charles Tobit
Type
Thesis
Abstract
In this thesis a fan spray nozzle design is presented that is capable of producing single micrometer thick sheets of liquid, which are stable and flat. These sheets are characterised by various interferometric techniques, and some elementary fluid dynamics calculations are employed to understand the formation of the sheet. A new experimental vacuum chamber was designed and built, and the liquid sheet jet apparatus was installed into it and run successfully in the vacuum. Soft X-ray absorption measurements were attempted, but due to problems with a lack of X-ray flux and contamination of the experimental apparatus no results have yet been obtained. The sheet was also used as a source for high harmonic generation, generating harmonics up to 50\,eV. The mechanism of high harmonic generation in the liquid is investigated, with the conclusion being reached that it is a similar mechanism to the semi-classical three step model. The effects of scattering are considered, and found to be less severe than anticipated due to correlation effects in the condensed phase.
Version
Open Access
Date Issued
2021-05
Date Awarded
2021-10
Copyright Statement
Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Licence
License URL
Advisor
Marangos, Jonathan
Publisher Department
Physics
Publisher Institution
Imperial College London
Qualification Level
Doctoral
Qualification Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)