Determining the effect of pH on iron oxidation kinetics in aquatic environments: exploring a fundamental chemical reaction to grasp the significant ecosystem implications of iron bioavailability
File(s)
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Understanding the controls of the oxidation rate of iron (Fe) in oxygenated aquatic systems is fundamental for students of the Earth and Environmental Sciences as it defines the bioavailability of Fe, a trace metal essential for life. The laboratory experiment presented here was successfully developed and used during a third-year undergraduate lab course at Imperial College London for several years. It employs ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy calibrated externally with 0 to 50 μM Fe2+ standards created in a 492 μM ferrozine and 0.43 M acetate matrix. The students conducted the oxidation experiments in stirred batch reactors at equilibrium with atmospheric oxygen. The solution contained 40.5 μM initial Fe2+ concentration and a 5.1 mM imidazole buffer. The pH was adjusted to values between 7.22 and 7.77. The students observed a pseudo-first-order reaction with respect to Fe2+ concentration. Plotting the logarithms of the apparent rate constants (k′) at different pH values leads to a gradient of 2.2 ± 0.2 min–1 pH–1, indicating a second-order reaction with respect to OH– concentration, in agreement with published literature. The oxidation reaction occurred rapidly (tens of seconds to tens of minutes) indicating that in oxygenated aquatic systems, Fe3+ will be the dominant oxidation state, significantly reducing the bioavailability of Fe. The simple laboratory experiment presented here allows the students to learn about kinetic parameters for a fundamental chemical reaction. It allows the students to explore the significant implications this has for aquatic ecosystems.
Date Issued
2019-10-30
Date Acceptance
2019-10-30
Citation
Journal of Chemical Education, 2019, 97 (1), pp.215-220
ISSN
0021-9584
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Start Page
215
End Page
220
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Chemical Education
Volume
97
Issue
1
Copyright Statement
© 2019 American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc. This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Chemical Education, after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b01036
Sponsor
British Council (UK)
Commission of the European Communities
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E
Identifier
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b01036
Grant Number
20147-RLWK8-10774
702916
EP/P510798/1
Subjects
03 Chemical Sciences
13 Education
Education
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
acs.jchemed.8b01036
Date Publish Online
2019-10-30