The effects of free-stream eddies on optimized Martian rotorcraft airfoils
Author(s)
Caros Roca, Lidia
Buxton, Oliver
Vincent, Peter
Type
Conference Paper
Abstract
It is challenging to design rotorcraft airfoils for Martian conditions due to the very low atmospheric density and low speed of sound compared to Earth. These conditions require Martian rotor blades to operate in a low-Reynolds-number (1,000 to 10,000 based on chord) compressible flow regime, atypical for conventional terrestrial helicopters. Non-conventional airfoils with sharp It is challenging to design rotorcraft airfoils for Martian conditions due to the very low atmospheric density and low speed of sound compared to Earth. These conditions require Martian rotor blades to operate in a low-Reynolds-number (1,000 to 10,000 based on chord) compressible flow regime, atypical for conventional terrestrial helicopters. Non-conventional airfoils with sharp leading edges and flat surfaces show improved performance compared to conventional airfoils under such conditions, with vortex roll-up on the suction side of the airfoils as the primary lifting mechanism. Previous work involving optimization of sharp-leading-edge airfoils with steady, uniform inflow has shown that their performance depends on the roll-up of large coherent structures on their suction side, as well as the location at which the flow separates and reattaches. Thus, the performance of these airfoils is likely sensitive to perturbations of the incoming flow; caused by either atmospheric turbulence or the wake of an upstream blade. In this work the compressible flow solver in PyFR (www.pyfr.org) is used to analyse flow over optimized Martian rotorcraft airfoils exposed to free-stream eddies of various intensities and length scales. Specifically, triangular airfoils optimized at a Reynolds number of 3,000, a Mach number of 0.15, and an angle of attack of 12◦ are exposed to freestream eddies with target turbulence intensities of 0.5% and 1%, and target length scales of 0.05 and 0.1 airfoil chords. Results show that freestream eddies lead to breakdown of the large coherent vortices that roll up on the suction side of the airfoils, as well as an associated reduction in aerodynamic forces. This effect is found to increase with increasing turbulence intensity and length scale.
Date Issued
2024-01-04
Date Acceptance
2024-01-04
Citation
2024
Publisher
AIAA
Copyright Statement
© 2024 by L. Caros, O. R. H. Buxton, and P. E. Vincent. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. This is the author’s accepted manuscript made available under a CC-BY licence in accordance with Imperial’s Research Publications Open Access policy (www.imperial.ac.uk/oa-policy)
License URL
Source
AIAA SciTech 2024 Forum
Publication Status
Published
Start Date
2024-01-08
Finish Date
2024-01-12
Coverage Spatial
Orlando, FL, USA
Date Publish Online
2024-01-04