Wearable in-ear PPG: detailed respiratory variations enable classification of COPD
File(s)breathing_earPPG_final.pdf (706.19 KB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
An ability to extract detailed spirometry-like breath-ing waveforms from wearable sensors promises to greatly improve respiratory health monitoring. Photoplethysmography (PPG) has been researched in depth for estimation of respiration rate, given that it varies with respiration through overall intensity, pulse amplitude and pulse interval. We compare and contrast the extraction of these three respiratory modes from both the ear canal and finger and show a marked improvement in the respiratory power for respiration induced intensity variations and pulse amplitude variations when recording from the ear canal. We next employ a data driven multi-scale method, noise assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD), which allows for simultaneous analysis of all three respiratory modes to extract detailed respiratory waveforms from in-ear PPG. For rigour, we considered in-ear PPG recordings from healthy subjects, both older and young, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and healthy subjects with artificially obstructed breathing. Specific in-ear PPG waveform changes are observed for COPD, such as a decreased inspiratory duty cycle and an increased inspiratory magnitude, when compared with expiratory magnitude. These differences are used to classify COPD from healthy and IPF waveforms with a sensitivity of 87% and an overall accuracy of 92%. Our findings indicate the promise of in-ear PPG for COPD screening and unobtrusive respiratory monitoring in ambulatory scenarios and in consumer wearables.
Date Issued
2022-01-25
Date Acceptance
2022-01-01
Citation
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2022, 69 (7)
ISSN
0018-9294
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Journal / Book Title
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Volume
69
Issue
7
Copyright Statement
© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35077352
Subjects
Biomedical Engineering
0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
0903 Biomedical Engineering
0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Publication Status
Published online
Coverage Spatial
United States
Date Publish Online
2022-01-25