Morphological and Functional Imaging for Detecting and Assessing the Resectability of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases.
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Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
This review evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of different morphological and functional imaging modalities (ultrasound [US], computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance [MR] imaging, scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography [PET]) in detecting neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM), assessing vascular and biliary involvement, and the presence of extrahepatic disease. MR imaging is superior for depicting NELM compared to US, CT, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is more sensitive for detecting NELM than both T2-weighted and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR sequences, and should be systematically performed. Similarly, gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging is more sensitive for detecting liver metastases than conventional extracellular gadolinium chelate-enhanced MR sequences. Its role in detecting NELM remains investigational but appears promising. Somatostatin receptor-targeted PET/CT is a highly effective approach in assessing the resectability of well-differentiated NELM due to very high specificity (and high sensitivity) and its ability to detect small volume extrahepatic disease; this molecular imaging modality is becoming increasingly available in and outside Europe after the recent approval of 6868-DOTATATE in the US. In addition, the information from multiphase, contrast-enhanced CT with 3D reconstruction - obtained concurrently with the information on somatostatin receptor expression of the metastases - is very helpful in planning the extent and type of resection of NELM.
Date Issued
2017-07-21
Online Publication Date
2018-07-21T06:00:37Z
Date Acceptance
2017-07-07
Citation
Neuroendocrinology, 2017, 106 (1), pp.74-88
ISSN
0028-3835
Publisher
Karger Publishers
Start Page
74
End Page
88
Journal / Book Title
Neuroendocrinology
Volume
106
Issue
1
Copyright Statement
© 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel
Source Database
pubmed
Identifier
PII: 000479293
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Neurosciences
Neurosciences & Neurology
Neuroendocrine liver metastases
Resectability
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Positron emission tomography
SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR SCINTIGRAPHY
CONTRAST-ENHANCED CT
POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY
GD-EOB-DTPA
DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI
PHASE HELICAL CT
CARCINOID-TUMORS
HEPATIC METASTASES
ENDOCRINE TUMORS
CLINICAL-VALUE
1103 Clinical Sciences
1109 Neurosciences
Publication Status
Published online