Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and bladder cancer incidence in a pooled European cohort: the ELAPSE project
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Supporting information
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The evidence linking ambient air pollution to bladder cancer is limited and mixed. METHODS: We assessed the associations of bladder cancer incidence with residential exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), warm season ozone (O3) and eight PM2.5 elemental components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) in a pooled cohort (N = 302,493). Exposures were primarily assessed based on 2010 measurements and back-extrapolated to the baseline years. We applied Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level potential confounders. RESULTS: During an average of 18.2 years follow-up, 967 bladder cancer cases occurred. We observed a positive though statistically non-significant association between PM2.5 and bladder cancer incidence. Hazard Ratios (HR) were 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-1.27) per 5 µg/m3 for 2010 exposure and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.99-1.14) for baseline exposure. Effect estimates for NO2, BC and O3 were close to unity. A positive association was observed with PM2.5 zinc (HR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00-1.16 per 10 ng/m3). CONCLUSIONS: We found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term PM2.5 mass exposure and bladder cancer, strengthening the evidence from the few previous studies. The association with zinc in PM2.5 suggests the importance of industrial emissions.
Date Issued
2022-02-16
Date Acceptance
2022-02-02
ISSN
0007-0920
Publisher
Springer Nature [academic journals on nature.com]
Journal / Book Title
British Journal of Cancer
Volume
126
Copyright Statement
Copyright © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Sponsor
Health effects Institute
Identifier
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-022-01735-4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35173304
10.1038/s41416-022-01735-4
Grant Number
DR.236033.1
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Oncology
USE REGRESSION-MODELS
MEN
MORTALITY
RISK
POPULATION
PROFILE
DIESEL
NO2
CARCINOGENICITY
COMPONENTS
Air Pollutants
Air Pollution
Environmental Exposure
Female
Humans
Incidence
Male
Nitrogen Dioxide
Particulate Matter
Rare Diseases
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Zinc
Humans
Rare Diseases
Zinc
Nitrogen Dioxide
Air Pollutants
Incidence
Air Pollution
Environmental Exposure
Female
Male
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Particulate Matter
1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis
1117 Public Health and Health Services
Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Publication Status
Published online
Coverage Spatial
England
Date Publish Online
2022-02-16