Role of dysregulated prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin in cigarette smoke-and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPDassociated pulmonary hypertension
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Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classified as Group 3 PH, with no current proven targeted therapies. Studies suggest that cigarette smoke, the most risk factor for COPD can cause vascular remodelling and eventually PH as a result of dysfunction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). In addition, hypoxia is a known driver of pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD, and it is also thought that the presence of hypoxia in patients with COPD may further exaggerate cigarette smoke-induced vascular remodelling; however, the underlying cause is not fully understood. Three main pathways (prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin) are currently used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with different groups of PH. However, drugs targeting these three pathways are not approved for patients with COPD-associated PH due to lack of evidence. Thus, this review aims to shed light on the role of impaired prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in cigarette smoke- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and also discusses the potential of using these pathways as therapeutic target for patients with PH secondary to COPD.
Date Issued
2023-10-10
Online Publication Date
2023-10-13T14:17:53Z
Date Acceptance
2023-09-19
ISSN
2296-858X
Publisher
Frontiers Media S.A.
Journal / Book Title
Frontiers in Medicine
Volume
10
Copyright Statement
© 2023 Alqarni, Aldhahir, Alghamdi, Alqahtani,
Siraj, Alwafi, AlGarni, Majrshi, Alshehri and Pang.
This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (CC BY). The use, distribution or
reproduction in other forums is permitted,
provided the original author(s) and the
copyright owner(s) are credited and that the
original publication in this journal is cited, in
accordance with accepted academic practice.
No use, distribution or reproduction is
permitted which does not comply with these
terms.
Siraj, Alwafi, AlGarni, Majrshi, Alshehri and Pang.
This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (CC BY). The use, distribution or
reproduction in other forums is permitted,
provided the original author(s) and the
copyright owner(s) are credited and that the
original publication in this journal is cited, in
accordance with accepted academic practice.
No use, distribution or reproduction is
permitted which does not comply with these
terms.
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Published