We propose a novel reconfigurable hardware architecture to implement Monte Carlo based simulation of physical dose accumulation for intensitymodulated adaptive radiotherapy. The long term goal of our effort is to provide
accurate dose calculation in real-time during patient treatment. This will allow wider adoption of personalised patient therapies which has the potential to significantly reduce dose exposure to the patient as well as shorten treatment and greatly reduce costs. The proposed architecture exploits the inherent
parallelism of Monte Carlo simulations to perform domain decomposition and
provide high resolution simulation without being limited by on-chip memory
capacity. We present our architecture in detail and provide a performance
model to estimate execution time, hardware area and bandwidth utilisation.
Finally, we evaluate our architecture on a Xilinx VU9P platform as well as the
Xilinx Alveo U250 and show that three VU9P based cards or two Alevo U250s
are sufficient to meet our real time target of 100 million randomly generated
particle histories per second.