In this Grand Round, we first present a case of a man with decompensated liver disease who subsequently developed a fatal pulmonary embolism, having not been prescribed prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent venous thromboembolic disease. We go on to discuss the burden of thrombotic disease in those with chronic liver disease, before a more detailed discussion regarding the current evidence, safety data, and clinical dilemmas regarding the use of anticoagulation in patients with chronic liver disease, as well as discussing potential future directions within this field.