Assessing the key photophysical properties of triangulenium dyes for DNA binding by alteration of the fluorescent core
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Accepted version
Supporting information
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Four-stranded G-quadruplex (G4) DNA is a non-canonical DNA topology that has been proposed to form in cells and play key roles in how the genome is read and used by the cellular machinery. Previously, a fluorescent triangulenium probe (DAOTA-M2) was used to visualise G4s in cellulo, thanks to its distinct fluorescence lifetimes when bound to different DNA topologies. Herein, we expand the library of available triangulenium probes to explore how modifications to the fluorescent core of the molecule affect its photophysical characteristics, interaction with DNA and cellular localisation. The benzo-bridged and isopropyl-bridged diazatriangulenium dyes, BDATA-M2 and CDATA-M2 respectively, featuring ethyl-morpholino substituents, were synthesised and characterised. The interactions of these molecules with different DNA topologies were studied to determine their binding affinity, fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence lifetime response. Finally, the cellular uptake and localisation of these optical probes were investigated. Whilst structural modifications to the triangulenium core only slightly alter the binding affinity to DNA, BDATA-M2 and CDATA-M2 cannot distinguish between DNA topologies through their fluorescence lifetime. This work presents valuable new evidence into the critical role of PET quenching when using the fluorescence lifetime of triangulenium dyes to discriminate G4 DNA from duplex DNA, highlighting the importance of fine tuning redox and spectral properties when developing new triangulenium-based G4 probes.
Date Issued
2021-02-01
Date Acceptance
2020-10-23
Citation
Chemistry: A European Journal, 2021, 27 (7), pp.2523-2536
ISSN
0947-6539
Publisher
Wiley
Start Page
2523
End Page
2536
Journal / Book Title
Chemistry: A European Journal
Volume
27
Issue
7
Copyright Statement
© 2020 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article, which has been published in final form at https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.202003875. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Sponsor
The Lowe Syndrome Trust
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33105523
Grant Number
IC/ICAP/2012
BB/P026109/1
Subjects
DNA
Quadruplex
Fluorescence
Probes
Triangulenium
Quadruplex
Fluorescence
Probes
Triangulenium
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
Germany
Date Publish Online
2020-10-26