Repository logo
  • Log In
    Log in via Symplectic to deposit your publication(s).
Repository logo
  • Communities & Collections
  • Research Outputs
  • Statistics
  • Log In
    Log in via Symplectic to deposit your publication(s).
  1. Home
  2. Faculty of Engineering
  3. Faculty of Engineering
  4. Augmenting the softmax with additional confidence scores for improved selective classification with out-of-distribution data
 
  • Details
Augmenting the softmax with additional confidence scores for improved selective classification with out-of-distribution data
File(s)
s11263-024-02029-3.pdf (9.66 MB)
Published version
Author(s)
Xia, Guoxuan
Bouganis, Christos-Savvas
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a task that is receiving an increasing amount of research attention in the domain of deep learning for computer vision. However, the performance of detection methods is generally evaluated on the task in isolation, rather than also considering potential downstream tasks in tandem. In this work, we examine selective classification in the presence of OOD data (SCOD). That is to say, the motivation for detecting OOD samples is to reject them so their impact on the quality of predictions is reduced. We show under this task specification, that existing post-hoc methods perform quite differently compared to when evaluated only on OOD detection. This is because it is no longer an issue to conflate in-distribution (ID) data with OOD data if the ID data is going to be misclassified. However, the conflation within ID data of correct and incorrect predictions becomes undesirable. We also propose a novel method for SCOD, Softmax Information Retaining Combination (SIRC), that augments a softmax-based confidence score with a secondary class-agnostic feature-based score. Thus, the ability to identify OOD samples is improved without sacrificing separation between correct and incorrect ID predictions. Experiments on a wide variety of ImageNet-scale datasets and convolutional neural network architectures show that SIRC is able to consistently match or outperform the baseline for SCOD, whilst existing OOD detection methods fail to do so. Interestingly, we find that the secondary scores investigated for SIRC do not consistently improve performance on all tested OOD datasets. To address this issue, we further extend SIRC to incorporate multiple secondary scores (SIRC+). This further improves SCOD performance, both generally, and in terms of consistency over diverse distribution shifts. Code is available at https://github.com/Guoxoug/SIRC.
Date Issued
2024-09
Date Acceptance
2024-02-08
Citation
International Journal of Computer Vision, 2024, 132 (9), pp.3714-3752
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/114257
URL
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11263-024-02029-3#Abs1
DOI
https://www.dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-024-02029-3
ISSN
0920-5691
Publisher
Springer
Start Page
3714
End Page
3752
Journal / Book Title
International Journal of Computer Vision
Volume
132
Issue
9
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
License URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Identifier
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11263-024-02029-3#Abs1
Subjects
Computer Science
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Deep learning
NETWORKS
Out-of-distribution data
Science & Technology
Selective classification
Technology
Uncertainty estimation
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2024-04-23
About
Spiral Depositing with Spiral Publishing with Spiral Symplectic
Contact us
Open access team Report an issue
Other Services
Scholarly Communications Library Services
logo

Imperial College London

South Kensington Campus

London SW7 2AZ, UK

tel: +44 (0)20 7589 5111

Accessibility Modern slavery statement Cookie Policy

Built with DSpace-CRIS software - Extension maintained and optimized by 4Science

  • Cookie settings
  • Privacy policy
  • End User Agreement
  • Send Feedback