Scattering of entropy waves into sound by isolated aerofoils
File(s)
Author(s)
Guzman Inigo, Juan
Duran, Ignacio
Morgans, Aimee S
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
This article presents a modelling approach to predict the low-frequency sound generated by entropy fluctuations interacting with isolated aerofoils. A model of the acoustic field is obtained based on a linearisation of the compressible Euler equations about a steady, potential, compressible mean flow. Mean flow variations of velocity and density are accounted for in the source term, but are neglected in the sound propagation. Using a Lorentz-type transformation, the problem is reduced to solving a Helmholtz equation. This equation is recast in integral form and a solution is obtained using a compact Green's function method. This approach places no restrictions on the entropy wavelength, while assuming that the acoustic wavelength is large compared to the profile chord and spacing. The source term is further simplified by assuming that the steady flow is a small perturbation to a uniform flow. The model is illustrated using a symmetric aerofoil and its performance is assessed against numerical simulations of the compressible Euler equations. Good agreement is found for all the frequencies of validity of the theory and for all the range of subsonic Mach numbers. The solution for a symmetric aerofoil interacting with plane entropy waves corresponds to the combination of a dipole along the horizontal axis and a monopole. The dipole originates from the unsteady drag experienced by the aerofoil owing to the fluctuations of density and the monopole from the strong local acceleration of the flow at the leading edge. The monopole term becomes negligible for low Mach numbers.
Date Issued
2021-09-25
Date Acceptance
2021-06-21
Citation
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 923 (A10), pp.1-38
ISSN
0022-1120
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Start Page
1
End Page
38
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Volume
923
Issue
A10
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
License URL
Sponsor
Commission of the European Communities
Identifier
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/scattering-of-entropy-waves-into-sound-by-isolated-aerofoils/169CE955EE4662700F7BE9FEE652FAA2
Grant Number
772080
Subjects
Fluids & Plasmas
01 Mathematical Sciences
09 Engineering
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2021-07-22